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      "nav.xfrmWatchedResources" => "Watched resources"
      "nav.xfrmYourResources" => "Your resources"
      "nav.yourThreads" => "Your threads"
      "button.attach" => "Attach files"
      "button.cancel" => "Cancel"
      "button.confirm" => "Confirm"
      "button.copy" => "Copy"
      "button.delete" => "Delete"
      "button.edit" => "Edit"
      "button.export" => "Export"
      "button.hide" => "Hide"
      "button.import" => "Import"
      "button.login" => "Log in"
      "button.merge" => "Merge"
      "button.move" => "Move"
      "button.preview" => "Preview"
      "button.purchase" => "Purchase"
      "button.save" => "Save"
      "button.search" => "Search"
      "button.show" => "Show"
      "button.sort" => "Sort"
      "button.submit" => "Submit"
      "button.translate" => "Translate"
      "widget_def.XP_xpress_recent_posts_3" => "XPress: thxpress_widget_recent_posts"
      "widget_def.adav_level_progress" => "[Audentio] Achievements: Progress to next level"
      "widget_def.adav_recent_achievements" => "[Audentio] Achievements: Recently Earned Achievements"
      "widget_def.adav_tracked_achievements" => "[Audentio] Achievements: Tracked Achievements"
      "widget_def.adca_account_completion" => "[Audentio] Account Completion"
      "widget_def.adlb_leaderboard" => "[Audentio] Leaderboards: Leaderboard"
      "widget_def.birthdays" => "Today's birthdays"
      "widget_def.find_member" => "Find member"
      "widget_def.forum_statistics" => "Forum statistics"
      "widget_def.html" => "HTML"
      "widget_def.member_stat" => "Member stat"
      "widget_def.members_online" => "Members online"
      "widget_def.new_posts" => "New posts"
      "widget_def.new_profile_posts" => "New profile posts"
      "widget_def.new_threads" => "New threads"
      "widget_def.newest_members" => "Newest members"
      "widget_def.nf_calendar_featured_even" => "Calendar: Featured events"
      "widget_def.nf_calendar_upcoming_evnt" => "Calendar: Upcoming events"
      "widget_def.online_statistics" => "Online statistics"
      "widget_def.php_callback" => "PHP callback"
      "widget_def.search_forum" => "Search forum"
      "widget_def.share_page" => "Share this page"
      "widget_def.template_syntax" => "Template syntax"
      "widget_def.th_post_thread_uix" => "[UI.X] Start a thread"
      "widget_def.th_reactplus_top_content" => "[TH] Reactions Plus: Top content"
      "widget_def.th_widget_login_uix" => "[UI.X] Login form"
      "widget_def.thdonate_campaign" => "[TH] Donate: Campaign"
      "widget_def.thdonate_earnings" => "[TH] Donate: Earnings"
      "widget_def.thdonate_goals" => "[TH] Donate: Goals"
      "widget_def.thdonate_topDonations" => "[TH] Donate: Top donations"
      "widget_def.thdonate_topDonors" => "[TH] Donate: Top donors"
      "widget_def.thfeature_full" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Full"
      "widget_def.thfeature_full_thread" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Full Threads"
      "widget_def.thfeature_grid" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Grid"
      "widget_def.thfeature_grid_threads" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Grid Threads"
      "widget_def.thfeature_slider" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Slider"
      "widget_def.thfeature_slider_threads" => "[TH] Featured Threads and Content: Slider Threads"
      "widget_def.thfilters_filters" => "[TH] Filters"
      "widget_def.threactplus_userReactList" => "[TH] Reactions Plus: Member reaction list"
      "widget_def.thread_poll" => "Thread poll"
      "widget_def.thtrending" => "[TH] Trending"
      "widget_def.thuix_socialMedia" => "[TH] UI.X social media feed"
      "widget_def.thxpress_latest_articles" => "[TH] XPress: Latest Articles"
      "widget_def.visitor_panel" => "Visitor panel"
      "widget_def.xcfs_latest_feedback" => "XCFS: Latest Feedback"
      "widget_def.xcfs_top_traders" => "XCFS: Top Traders"
      "widget_def.xcfs_untrusted_traders" => "XCFS: Untrusted Traders"
      "widget_def.xfes_similar_threads" => "XFES: Similar threads"
      "widget_def.xfmg_albums_slider" => "XFMG: Albums slider"
      "widget_def.xfmg_gallery_statistics" => "XFMG: Gallery statistics"
      "widget_def.xfmg_latest_comments" => "XFMG: Latest comments"
      "widget_def.xfmg_media_slider" => "XFMG: Media slider"
      "widget_def.xfrm_featured_resources" => "XFRM: Featured resources"
      "widget_def.xfrm_latest_reviews" => "XFRM: Latest reviews"
      "widget_def.xfrm_new_resources" => "XFRM: New resources"
      "widget_def.xfrm_top_resources" => "XFRM: Top resources"
      "widget.Complete_Account" => "Complete Your Account"
      "widget.advertisement" => "Advertisement"
      "widget.app_download_canvas" => "App download"
      "widget.become_a_member" => "Upgrade Your Account"
      "widget.canvas_menu" => "Canvas Menu"
      "widget.canvas_menu_social" => "Canvas menu social"
      "widget.donation" => "Help Cover Community Costs!"
      "widget.forum_overview_forum_statistics" => ""
      "widget.forum_overview_members_online" => ""
      "widget.forum_overview_new_posts" => ""
      "widget.forum_overview_new_profile_posts" => ""
      "widget.forum_overview_share_page" => ""
      "widget.latest_followed_profile_posts" => "Latest profile posts by followers"
      "widget.latest_posts" => "Latest posts"
      "widget.latest_profile_posts" => "Latest profile posts"
      "widget.latest_watched" => "Latest watched"
      "widget.leaderboards" => "Leaderboard: Posts"
      "widget.member_wrapper_find_member" => ""
      "widget.member_wrapper_newest_members" => ""
      "widget.nf_calendar_list_featured_events" => ""
      "widget.online_list_online_statistics" => ""
      "widget.sh_forumStats" => "Forum Statistics"
      "widget.sh_homeTrending" => "Trending Threads"
      "widget.sh_mediaSlider" => "Latest Media"
      "widget.sh_subscribe" => "Subscribe"
      "widget.thdonate_earnings" => ""
      "widget.thdonate_goals" => ""
      "widget.thdonate_topDonations" => ""
      "widget.thdonate_topDonors" => ""
      "widget.thuix_footer_aboutUsWidget" => "About us"
      "widget.uix_footer_forumStatistics" => ""
      "widget.uix_footer_newPosts" => ""
      "widget.uix_footer_onlineStatistics" => ""
      "widget.uix_footer_sharePage" => ""
      "widget.uix_sidebar_postNewThread" => "Can't find a topic?"
      "widget.unread_posts" => "Unread posts"
      "widget.whats_new_new_posts" => ""
      "widget.whats_new_new_profile_posts" => ""
      "widget.xfes_thread_view_below_quick_reply_similar_threads" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_forum_overview_new_resources" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_list_featured_resources" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_list_top_resources" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_overview_latest_reviews" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_overview_top_authors" => ""
      "widget.xfrm_whats_new_overview_new_resources" => ""
      "reactions.1_person" => "1 person"
      "reactions.deleted_user" => "(deleted member)"
      "reactions.threactplus_one_user" => "1 user"
      "reactions.threactplus_x_users" => "{count} users"
      "reactions.threactplus_you_and_x_others" => "You and {count} others"
      "reactions.user1" => "{user1}"
      "reactions.user1_and_user2" => "{user1} and {user2}"
      "reactions.user1_user2_and_user3" => "{user1}, {user2} and {user3}"
      "reactions.user1_user2_user3_and_1_other" => "{user1}, {user2}, {user3} and 1 other person"
      "reactions.user1_user2_user3_and_x_others" => "{user1}, {user2}, {user3} and {others} others"
      "reactions.x_people" => "{reactions} people"
      "reactions.you" => "You"
      "reactions.you_and_user1" => "You and {user1}"
      "reactions.you_user1_and_user2" => "You, {user1} and {user2}"
      "reactions.you_user1_user2_and_1_other" => "You, {user1}, {user2} and 1 other person"
      "reactions.you_user1_user2_and_x_others" => "You, {user1}, {user2} and {others} others"
      "reaction_title.1" => "Like"
      "reaction_title.2" => "Love"
      "reaction_title.3" => "Haha"
      "reaction_title.4" => "Wow"
      "reaction_title.5" => "Sad"
      "reaction_title.6" => "Angry"
      "trophy_title.1" => "First Real Post"
      "trophy_title.10" => "Old School Sniper's Hide"
      "trophy_title.11" => "Posts (Silent)"
      "trophy_title.12" => "Logging In (Silent)"
      "trophy_title.13" => "Post Media Items (Silent)"
      "trophy_title.136" => "Test Achievement 4"
      "trophy_title.14" => "Spotted"
      "trophy_title.15" => "Rifle Cleaner"
      "trophy_title.16" => "Completed Profile"
      "trophy_title.17" => "Gunsmith"
      "trophy_title.19" => "Community Contributor"
      "trophy_title.2" => "Just getting into Precision Rifle."
      "trophy_title.20" => "Marksman!"
      "trophy_title.22" => "Made America Great Again"
      "trophy_title.23" => "Professor"
      "trophy_title.25" => "Leaderboard Legend"
      "trophy_title.26" => "Commercial Sales Member"
      "trophy_title.27" => "Supporter"
      "trophy_title.3" => "Look Everyone I can Sell Now !"
      "trophy_title.4" => "Hide Addict !"
      "trophy_title.5" => "Members are Noticing"
      "trophy_title.6" => "Hide Rockstar, Lady Gaga Approved!"
      "trophy_title.7" => "They like me, they really like me!"
      "trophy_title.8" => "I want to have Lowlight's Love Child"
      "trophy_title.9" => "I LOVE IT LONG TIME"
      "a_moment_ago" => "A moment ago"
      "actions" => "Actions"
      "approve" => "Approve"
      "continue_reading" => "Continue reading..."
      "conversations" => "Conversations"
      "date_x_at_time_y" => "{date} at {time}"
      "day_friday" => "Friday"
      "day_friday_short" => "Fri"
      "day_monday" => "Monday"
      "day_monday_short" => "Mon"
      "day_saturday" => "Saturday"
      "day_saturday_short" => "Sat"
      "day_sunday" => "Sunday"
      "day_sunday_short" => "Sun"
      "day_thursday" => "Thursday"
      "day_thursday_short" => "Thu"
      "day_tuesday" => "Tuesday"
      "day_tuesday_short" => "Tue"
      "day_wednesday" => "Wednesday"
      "day_wednesday_short" => "Wed"
      "day_x_at_time_y" => "{day} at {time}"
      "delete" => "Delete"
      "edit_avatar" => "Edit avatar"
      "follow" => "Follow"
      "forums" => "Forums"
      "from_x_location" => "From {location}"
      "guest" => "Guest"
      "help" => "Help"
      "in_a_minute" => "In a minute"
      "in_a_moment" => "In a moment"
      "in_x_minutes" => "In {minutes} minutes"
      "later_today_at_x" => "Later today at {time}"
      "master_language" => "Master language"
      "master_style" => "Master style"
      "members" => "Members"
      "month_1" => "January"
      "month_10" => "October"
      "month_10_short" => "Oct"
      "month_11" => "November"
      "month_11_short" => "Nov"
      "month_12" => "December"
      "month_12_short" => "Dec"
      "month_1_short" => "Jan"
      "month_2" => "February"
      "month_2_short" => "Feb"
      "month_3" => "March"
      "month_3_short" => "Mar"
      "month_4" => "April"
      "month_4_short" => "Apr"
      "month_5" => "May"
      "month_5_short" => "May"
      "month_6" => "June"
      "month_6_short" => "Jun"
      "month_7" => "July"
      "month_7_short" => "Jul"
      "month_8" => "August"
      "month_8_short" => "Aug"
      "month_9" => "September"
      "month_9_short" => "Sep"
      "new_posts" => "New posts"
      "new_profile_posts" => "New profile posts"
      "no_items_to_display" => "No items to display"
      "none" => "None"
      "one_minute_ago" => "1 minute ago"
      "realms_realm_quiz_user" => "Realm Quiz User"
      "s9e_MediaSites_Footer_Credit" => "Media embeds via s9e/MediaSites"
      "show_hidden_content_by_x" => "Show hidden content by {names}"
      "show_ignored_content" => "Show ignored content"
      "showing_all_items" => "Showing all items"
      "showing_x_of_y_items" => "Showing {count} of {total} items"
      "spoiler" => "Spoiler"
      "staff_member" => "Staff member"
      "th_progress_bar_color_will_change_donate" => "Once this milestone has been reached the progress bar will change to this color. If left blank it will display the default color from your color palette."
      "there_are_x_items_in_total" => "There are {total} items in total"
      "time_am_lower" => "am"
      "time_am_upper" => "AM"
      "time_pm_lower" => "pm"
      "time_pm_upper" => "PM"
      "title_page_x" => " | Page {page}"
      "today_at_x" => "Today at {time}"
      "tomorrow_at_x" => "Tomorrow at {time}"
      "unfollow" => "Unfollow"
      "ungrouped" => "Ungrouped"
      "upload_file" => "Upload file"
      "viewing_an_error" => "Viewing an error"
      "x_b" => "{number}B"
      "x_bytes" => "{size} bytes"
      "x_gb" => "{size} GB"
      "x_k" => "{number}K"
      "x_kb" => "{size} KB"
      "x_m" => "{number}M"
      "x_mb" => "{size} MB"
      "x_minutes_ago" => "{minutes} minutes ago"
      "x_tb" => "{size} TB"
      "xfmg_browse_albums" => "Browse albums"
      "xfmg_x_seconds" => "{count} second(s)"
      "xfrm_resource_icon" => "Resource icon"
      "yesterday_at_x" => "Yesterday at {time}"
      "your_account" => "Your account"
      "th_reactplus_show_hidden_low_quality_content" => "Show hidden low quality content"
      "thcovers_no_edit_permissions" => "You are not allowed to edit this cover."
    ]
    #phrasesToLoad: array:1 [
      "thcovers_no_position_permissions" => true
    ]
    #groupsCached: array:7 [
      "trophy_title" => true
      "reaction_title" => true
      "reactions" => true
      "widget" => true
      "widget_def" => true
      "button" => true
      "nav" => true
    ]
    #date: DateTime @1710853668 {#312
      date: 2024-03-19 09:07:48.0 America/New_York (-04:00)
    }
    #dayStartTimestamps: array:6 [
      "tomorrow" => "1737522000"
      "now" => 1737462216
      "today" => "1737435600"
      "todayDow" => "2"
      "yesterday" => "1737349200"
      "week" => "1736917200"
    ]
    #dowTranslation: array:7 [
      0 => "sunday"
      1 => "monday"
      2 => "tuesday"
      3 => "wednesday"
      4 => "thursday"
      5 => "friday"
      6 => "saturday"
    ]
    #rdc: array:48 [
      1736958138 => array:1 [ …1]
      1736959491 => array:1 [ …1]
      1736959524 => array:1 [ …1]
      1736959772 => array:1 [ …1]
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      1736961288 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737070033 => array:1 [ …1]
      1736961547 => array:1 [ …1]
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      1737049914 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737050328 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737050625 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737050836 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737050902 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737051227 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737054001 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737055450 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737055978 => array:1 [ …1]
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      1737217391 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737236070 => array:1 [ …1]
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      1737268237 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737269548 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737276874 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737277461 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737301475 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737306346 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737387888 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737388402 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737389240 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737389587 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737393129 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737393798 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737395796 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737397730 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737397855 => array:1 [ …1]
      1737427680 => array:1 [ …1]
      1718838618 => array:1 [ …1]
      1719189205 => array:1 [ …1]
      1705174275 => array:1 [ …1]
      1734153047 => array:1 [ …1]
      1695419191 => array:1 [ …1]
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      1715026179 => array:1 [ …1]
      1704307302 => array:1 [ …1]
      1710853668 => array:1 [ …1]
    ]
  }
  "style" => Style {#321
    #id: "27"
    #lastModified: 1736448047
    #properties: array:696 [
      "adavAchievementCriteria" => array:3 [ …3]
      "adavAchievementCriterionProgressBar" => array:5 [ …5]
      "adavAchievementCriterionProgressBarInner" => array:3 [ …3]
      "adavAchievementCriterionProgressBarStatus" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adavAchievementExperience" => array:3 [ …3]
      "adavAchievementTitle" => array:2 [ …2]
      "animationSpeed" => "0.2s"
      "audapp_primaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "audapp_secondaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "avatarBg" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "avatarBorderRadius" => "8px"
      "badge" => array:4 [ …4]
      "bbCodeBlock" => array:6 [ …6]
      "bbCodeBlockTitle" => array:3 [ …3]
      "bbCodeInlineCode" => array:9 [ …9]
      "blockBorder" => array:5 [ …5]
      "blockBorderRadius" => "8px"
      "blockFilterBar" => array:3 [ …3]
      "blockFooter" => array:5 [ …5]
      "blockFooterBg" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "blockFooterTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "blockHeader" => array:6 [ …6]
      "blockLink" => array:4 [ …4]
      "blockLinkSelected" => array:5 [ …5]
      "blockMinorHeader" => array:6 [ …6]
      "blockMinorTabHeader" => array:5 [ …5]
      "blockMinorTabHeaderSelected" => array:2 [ …2]
      "blockPaddingH" => "16px"
      "blockPaddingV" => "16px"
      "blockTabHeader" => array:6 [ …6]
      "blockTabHeaderBg" => "transparent"
      "blockTabHeaderSelected" => array:2 [ …2]
      "blockTabHeaderTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "blockTextHeader" => array:3 [ …3]
      "borderColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "borderColorAccentContent" => "#677e9a"
      "borderColorAttention" => "#677e9a"
      "borderColorFaint" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "borderColorFeature" => "#677e9a"
      "borderColorHeavy" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "borderColorHighlight" => "#677e9a"
      "borderColorLight" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "borderRadiusLarge" => "12px"
      "borderRadiusMedium" => "8px"
      "borderRadiusSmall" => "8px"
      "borderSize" => "0px"
      "borderSizeFeature" => "2px"
      "buttonBase" => array:8 [ …8]
      "buttonBg" => "fade(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), 14%)"
      "buttonCta" => array:3 [ …3]
      "buttonCtaBg" => "#677e9a"
      "buttonDefault" => array:3 [ …3]
      "buttonDisabled" => array:4 [ …4]
      "buttonPrimary" => array:3 [ …3]
      "buttonPrimaryBg" => "#677e9a"
      "buttonTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "chip" => array:5 [ …5]
      "chipHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "chromeBg" => "mix(#677e9a, rgb(27,27,27), 10%)"
      "chromeTextColor" => "rgb(36,36,36)"
      "contentAccentBase" => array:2 [ …2]
      "contentAccentBg" => "mix(#677e9a, rgb(27,27,27), 10%)"
      "contentAccentLink" => array:1 [ …1]
      "contentAltBase" => array:2 [ …2]
      "contentAltBg" => "rgb(36,36,36)"
      "contentBase" => array:2 [ …2]
      "contentBg" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "contentHighlightBase" => array:2 [ …2]
      "contentHighlightBg" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "dataListFooter" => array:5 [ …5]
      "dataListHeader" => array:7 [ …7]
      "dataListPaddingH" => "16px"
      "dataListPaddingV" => "16px"
      "dataListSection" => array:5 [ …5]
      "editorBg" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "editorButtonActiveColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "editorButtonColor" => "fade(mix(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), rgb(255, 255, 255)), 85%)"
      "editorButtonDisabledColor" => "mix(rgb(27,27,27), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6), 60%)"
      "editorButtonHoverBg" => "fade(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), 15%)"
      "editorButtonHoverColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "editorButtonSelectedBg" => "fade(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), 15%)"
      "editorButtonSize" => "18px"
      "editorColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "editorFocusBg" => "xf-intensify(rgb(45,45,45), 1%)"
      "editorFocusColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "editorImageHandles" => "#677e9a"
      "editorSelectionBg" => "rgb(36,36,36)"
      "editorSelectionColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "editorToolsFocusBg" => "linear-gradient(180deg, rgb(45,45,45), xf-intensify(rgb(45,45,45), 1%))"
      "editorToolsOverflowBg" => "xf-intensify(rgb(45,45,45), 3%)"
      "elementSpacer" => "16px"
      "emailBg" => "rgb(18,18,18)"
      "emailBorderColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "emailContentAltBg" => "rgb(36,36,36)"
      "emailContentBg" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "emailFont" => "ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji"
      "emailHeaderColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "emailLinkColor" => "#677e9a"
      "emailTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "emailTextColorMuted" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "fixedMessage" => array:7 [ …7]
      "flashMessage" => array:5 [ …5]
      "fontFamilyBody" => "ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji"
      "fontFamilyUi" => "ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji"
      "fontSizeLarge" => "1.6rem"
      "fontSizeLarger" => "2.0rem"
      "fontSizeLargest" => "2.4rem"
      "fontSizeNormal" => "1.6rem"
      "fontSizeSmall" => "1.4rem"
      "fontSizeSmaller" => "1.4rem"
      "fontSizeSmallest" => "1.1rem"
      "formExplain" => array:2 [ …2]
      "formHint" => array:2 [ …2]
      "formLabel" => array:3 [ …3]
      "formRowPaddingHInner" => "16px"
      "formRowPaddingHOuter" => "16px"
      "formRowPaddingV" => "16px"
      "formSectionHeader" => array:6 [ …6]
      "formSubmitRow" => array:3 [ …3]
      "globalActionColor" => "#677e9a"
      "inlineModBar" => array:6 [ …6]
      "inlineModHighlightColor" => "mix(#677e9a, rgb(27,27,27), 10%)"
      "input" => array:10 [ …10]
      "inputBgColor" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "inputDisabled" => array:2 [ …2]
      "inputFocus" => array:3 [ …3]
      "inputFocusBgColor" => "xf-intensify(rgb(45,45,45), 1%)"
      "inputTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "link" => array:2 [ …2]
      "linkColor" => "#677e9a"
      "linkHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "linkHoverColor" => "xf-intensify(#677e9a, 17%)"
      "majorHeadingBg" => "transparent"
      "majorHeadingTextColor" => "rgb(255, 255, 255)"
      "memberHeader" => array:3 [ …3]
      "memberHeaderBlurbContainerBanner" => array:4 [ …4]
      "memberHeaderName" => array:2 [ …2]
      "memberTooltipBlurbContainerBanner" => array:5 [ …5]
      "memberTooltipHeader" => array:4 [ …4]
      "memberTooltipName" => array:1 [ …1]
      "menu" => array:6 [ …6]
      "menuBorderRadius" => "8px"
      "menuFeatureBorderColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "menuFooter" => array:6 [ …6]
      "menuHeader" => array:5 [ …5]
      "menuLinkRow" => array:2 [ …2]
      "menuLinkRowSelected" => array:3 [ …3]
      "menuTabHeader" => array:5 [ …5]
      "menuTabHeaderSelected" => array:2 [ …2]
      "messageNewIndicator" => array:8 [ …8]
      "messagePadding" => "16px"
      "messagePaddingSmall" => "16px"
      "messageSignature" => array:7 [ …7]
      "messageUserBlock" => array:3 [ …3]
      "messageUserElements" => array:9 [ …9]
      "metaThemeColor" => "#677e9a"
      "minorBlockContent" => array:3 [ …3]
      "minorHeadingTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "nodeIconReadColor" => "#fff"
      "nodeIconUnreadColor" => "#fff"
      "nodeListDescriptionDisplay" => "inline"
      "overlayHeader" => array:8 [ …8]
      "overlayMaskColor" => "rgba(0, 0, 0, .3)"
      "paddingLarge" => "16px"
      "paddingLargest" => "24px"
      "paddingMedium" => "16px"
      "paddingSmall" => "8px"
      "pageBackground" => array:1 [ …1]
      "pageBg" => "rgb(18,18,18)"
      "pageEdgeSpacer" => "30px"
      "paletteAccent1" => "#677e9a"
      "paletteAccent2" => "#677e9a"
      "paletteAccent3" => "#677e9a"
      "paletteColor1" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "paletteColor2" => "rgb(36,36,36)"
      "paletteColor3" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "paletteColor4" => "rgb(18,18,18)"
      "paletteColor5" => "mix(#677e9a, rgb(27,27,27), 10%)"
      "paletteNeutral1" => "rgb(255, 255, 255)"
      "paletteNeutral2" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "paletteNeutral3" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "profilePostCommentToggle" => 1
      "progressBarColor" => "#677e9a"
      "publicFaviconUrl" => "styles/snipershide/snipershide/sh-favicon.svg"
      "publicFooter" => array:2 [ …2]
      "publicFooterLink" => array:1 [ …1]
      "publicHeader" => array:3 [ …3]
      "publicHeaderAdjustColor" => ""
      "publicIconUrl" => "data/assets/logo/192.png"
      "publicIconUrlLarge" => "data/assets/logo/512.png"
      "publicLogoHeight" => "60"
      "publicLogoUrl" => "styles/snipershide/snipershide/logo-top.svg"
      "publicLogoWidth" => "417"
      "publicMetadataLogoUrl" => "https://snipershide.com/shooting/styles/snipershide/snipershide/SHMetaplatev2.png"
      "publicNav" => array:3 [ …3]
      "publicNavCollapseWidth" => "1000px"
      "publicNavPaddingH" => "12px"
      "publicNavSelected" => array:2 [ …2]
      "publicNavTab" => array:5 [ …5]
      "publicNavTabHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "publicNavTabMenuOpen" => array:1 [ …1]
      "publicStaffBar" => array:5 [ …5]
      "publicSubNav" => array:5 [ …5]
      "publicSubNavElHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "publicSubNavElMenuOpen" => array:1 [ …1]
      "publicSubNavPaddingV" => "2px"
      "responsiveEdgeSpacerRemoval" => "1000px"
      "responsiveWide" => "1000px"
      "scrollJumpButtons" => "both"
      "sidebarSpacer" => "16px"
      "sidebarWidth" => "300px"
      "standaloneTab" => array:4 [ …4]
      "standaloneTabSelected" => array:2 [ …2]
      "starEmptyColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "starFullColor" => "#677e9a"
      "styleType" => "dark"
      "subNavBg" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "subNavTextColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "textColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "textColorAccentContent" => "#677e9a"
      "textColorAttention" => "#677e9a"
      "textColorDimmed" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "textColorEmphasized" => "#677e9a"
      "textColorFeature" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "textColorMuted" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "th_nodeBody" => array:1 [ …1]
      "th_reactplus_countStyling" => array:8 [ …8]
      "thdonate_progressBar" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thdonate_progressBarContainer" => array:3 [ …3]
      "thfeature_slider" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thuix_webapp_backgroundColor" => "#677e9a"
      "thxpress_dotsNavigation" => 1
      "thxpress_postExcerptTitle" => array:4 [ …4]
      "tl_backgroundColor" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "tl_backgroundLightColor" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "tl_fontColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "tl_fontDarkColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "tl_fontExtraLightColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "tl_fontLightColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "tl_lineColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "tl_lineLightColor" => "rgba(255,255,255,.14)"
      "tl_overlayColor" => "rgb(45,45,45)"
      "tl_primaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "tl_secondaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "tooltip" => array:8 [ …8]
      "xpress_articleListLayout" => "list"
      "xpress_authorBlock" => array:10 [ …10]
      "xpress_dropcap" => 0
      "xpress_featuredArticleStyle" => "carousel"
      "xpress_featuredExcerptLength" => "150"
      "xpress_featuredItemsCount" => "3"
      "xpress_removeFeaturedExcerpt" => 1
      "adst_shepherdElement" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_abridgedSignatures" => 1
      "uix_activeNavTitle" => 0
      "uix_activeNavTitleStyle" => array:7 [ …7]
      "uix_additionalCss" => "ac_app.less,realms.less"
      "uix_alertsUnread" => 0
      "uix_avatarShape" => "1"
      "uix_backstretch" => 0
      "uix_backstretchDuration" => "4000"
      "uix_backstretchFade" => "500"
      "uix_backstretchImages" => ""styles/acui/images/bg/1.jpg", "styles/acui/images/bg/2.jpg", "styles/acui/images/bg/3.jpg""
      "uix_backstretchSelector" => "body"
      "uix_betaMode" => 0
      "uix_blockBody" => []
      "uix_blockContainer" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_blockMessage" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_blockOuter" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_blockTabHeaderTab" => []
      "uix_borderRadiusJs" => 0
      "uix_borderRadiusSelectors" => ".p-footer-inner, .uix_extendedFooter, .p-nav, .p-sectionLinks, .p-staffBar, .p-header, #wpadminbar"
      "uix_bottomBreadcrumbLocation" => "belowMainContainer"
      "uix_brandmarkImage__breakpoint" => "0"
      "uix_breadcrumbItem" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_breadcrumbItem__active" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_breadcrumbStyle" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_breadcrumbWrapper" => []
      "uix_breadcrumbWrapperBottom" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_buttonActive" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_buttonCtaActive" => []
      "uix_buttonCtaHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_buttonHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_buttonLink" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_buttonPrimaryActive" => []
      "uix_buttonPrimaryHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_buttonRipple" => 1
      "uix_buttonSmall" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_canvas" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_canvasHeader" => []
      "uix_canvasNavItem" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_canvasNavItemActive" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_canvasNavItemHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_canvasNavSubItem" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_categoryCollapse" => 1
      "uix_categoryDescription" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_categoryDescriptionDisplay" => "tooltip"
      "uix_categoryIconStyle" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_categoryStrip" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_categoryStripIcons" => 0
      "uix_categoryStripOutsideWrapper" => 0
      "uix_clickableThreads" => 0
      "uix_collapseExtraInfo" => 1
      "uix_collapseStaffbarLinks" => 1
      "uix_collapseibleSubForums" => 0
      "uix_collapsibleSidebar" => 1
      "uix_collapsibleStickyThreads" => 1
      "uix_condenseVisitorTabs" => 0
      "uix_contentWrapper" => "0"
      "uix_contentWrapperStyle" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_copyrightOrder" => "30"
      "uix_defaultNavIcon" => 1
      "uix_defaultSidebarIcon" => 1
      "uix_detachedNavigation" => 1
      "uix_discussionList" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_discussionListAnimation" => 0
      "uix_discussionListCollapseWidth" => "1000px"
      "uix_discussionListItem" => []
      "uix_discussionListItemDeleted" => []
      "uix_discussionListItemEven" => ""
      "uix_discussionListItemHover" => ""
      "uix_discussionListItemModerated" => []
      "uix_discussionListItemSticky" => []
      "uix_discussionListTitle" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_discussionListTitleUnread" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_dropdownHover" => 0
      "uix_elevation1" => "0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.09), 0 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"
      "uix_elevation2" => "0 3px 10px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1), 0 1px 18px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 3px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)"
      "uix_enableExtendedFooter" => 0
      "uix_enableMainTabs" => 0
      "uix_enableWelcomeHeaderImage" => 0
      "uix_extendedFooterOrder" => "10"
      "uix_extendedFooterStyle" => array:6 [ …6]
      "uix_extendedFooter__whiteText" => 0
      "uix_externalLinkIcon" => 1
      "uix_fab" => "mobile"
      "uix_fabBarBackground" => "rgb(27,27,27)"
      "uix_fabScroll" => 0
      "uix_fabVw" => "1000px"
      "uix_footerChooser" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_footerChooserHover" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_footerCopyrightRow" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_footerIcons" => 0
      "uix_footerInsideContent" => 0
      "uix_footerLinkHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_footerMenu" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_footerMenuOrder" => "20"
      "uix_footerWidget" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_footerWidgetBody" => []
      "uix_footerWidgetFooter" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_footerWidgetHeader" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_footerWidgetPadding" => "16px"
      "uix_footerWidgetRow" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_footerWidgetWidth" => "280px"
      "uix_forceCoverCopyright" => 0
      "uix_forceCoverExtendedFooter" => 0
      "uix_forceCoverFooterMenu" => 0
      "uix_glyphCategoryIcon" => ""
      "uix_glyphForumIcon" => ""
      "uix_glyphLinkIcon" => ""
      "uix_glyphPageIcon" => ""
      "uix_googleFonts" => ""
      "uix_headerWhiteSpace" => "0px"
      "uix_headerWrapper" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_headingFont" => "ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji"
      "uix_headingFontWeight" => "400"
      "uix_headingFontWeightHeavy" => "700"
      "uix_hideElementsDuringJSLoad" => 1
      "uix_hideExtendedFooterMobile" => 0
      "uix_hideNodeLastPost" => 0
      "uix_hideNodeStats" => 0
      "uix_hideSingleCrumb" => 1
      "uix_hideStyleChoose" => 0
      "uix_hideTopPagenavMobile" => 1
      "uix_homeCrumbIcon" => 1
      "uix_iconFont" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_iconFontFamily" => "material"
      "uix_iconSize" => "18px"
      "uix_iconSizeLarge" => "24px"
      "uix_imageForumIcon" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_imageForumUnreadIcon" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_imageIcon" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_imageLinkIcon" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_imagePageIcon" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_imagePath" => "styles/acui"
      "uix_jsPath" => "acui"
      "uix_lazyLoadSupport" => 0
      "uix_loginStyle" => "link"
      "uix_loginTriggerPosition" => "navigation"
      "uix_logoIcon" => "mdi mdi-tune"
      "uix_logoIconStyle" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_logoSmall" => ""
      "uix_logoText" => "UI.X"
      "uix_logoTextBreakpoint" => "650px"
      "uix_logoText__style" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_logoWidth" => "222.4px"
      "uix_mainTabsBarStyling" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_mainTabsHeight" => "50px"
      "uix_mainTabsSticky" => 0
      "uix_materialAvatars" => 1
      "uix_message" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_messageActionBar" => []
      "uix_messageAnimation" => 0
      "uix_messageAttachments" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_messageBody" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_messageControl" => array:7 [ …7]
      "uix_messageControlHover" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_messageLikes" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_messageMain" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_messageMeta" => array:4 [ …4]
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      "uix_metaCell" => []
      "uix_mobileTabsNav" => 1
      "uix_navAboveHeader" => 0
      "uix_navLogoVertSpacing" => "11px"
      "uix_navTabIconStyle" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_navTabIcons" => 0
      "uix_navigationBarHeight" => "72px"
      "uix_navigationType" => "default"
      "uix_newNodeMarker" => 1
      "uix_newNodeMarkerStyle" => array:8 [ …8]
      "uix_nodeAnimations" => 0
      "uix_nodeBlockBody" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_nodeBody" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_nodeBodyEven" => ""
      "uix_nodeBodyHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_nodeClickable" => 1
      "uix_nodeContainer" => array:4 [ …4]
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      "uix_nodeIconImages" => 0
      "uix_nodeIconStyle" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_nodeIconWidth" => "51px"
      "uix_nodePadding" => "16px"
      "uix_nodeStatsHover" => 0
      "uix_nodeStatsIcons" => 1
      "uix_nodeTitle" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_nodeTitle__unread" => []
      "uix_noticeLocation" => "aboveMainContainer"
      "uix_onlineIndicator" => "default"
      "uix_originalPoster" => "icon"
      "uix_pageAnimation" => 0
      "uix_pageStyle" => "covered"
      "uix_pageTitle" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_pageWidthToggle" => "fixed"
      "uix_pageWrapper" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_parallax" => 0
      "uix_parallaxImage" => "styles/acui/images/welcome-banner.png"
      "uix_parallaxPosition" => "center"
      "uix_parallaxSelector" => ".uix_welcomeSection"
      "uix_postBitAvatarSize" => "small"
      "uix_postBitIcons" => 1
      "uix_prefixAccent" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_prefixBlue" => "#2196F3"
      "uix_prefixGray" => "#616161"
      "uix_prefixGreen" => "#4CAF50"
      "uix_prefixLightGreen" => "#8BC34A"
      "uix_prefixOlive" => "#689F38"
      "uix_prefixOrange" => "#FF9800"
      "uix_prefixPrimary" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_prefixRed" => "#D32F2F"
      "uix_prefixRedSkyBlue" => "#03A9F4"
      "uix_prefixRoyalBlue" => "#0D47A1"
      "uix_prefixSilver" => "#CFD8DC"
      "uix_prefixYellow" => "#FFEB3B"
      "uix_primaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_primaryColorDarker" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_removeBottomBreadcrumb" => 0
      "uix_removeHeaderWrapper" => 1
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      "uix_removeMessageArrow" => 1
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      "uix_removeRegisterText" => 0
      "uix_removeVisitorTabsText" => 1
      "uix_removeWhatsNewButtons" => 1
      "uix_responsiveLogoFontSize" => ""
      "uix_rightAlignNavigation" => 0
      "uix_scrollableSidebar" => 0
      "uix_searchBar" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_searchBarFocus" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_searchBarHeight" => "36px"
      "uix_searchBarPlaceholderColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "uix_searchBarPlaceholderFocusColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)"
      "uix_searchBarWidth" => "250px"
      "uix_searchButton" => 0
      "uix_searchIcon" => array:6 [ …6]
      "uix_searchIconBehavior" => "expandMobile"
      "uix_searchIconFocusColor" => "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)"
      "uix_searchPosition" => "header"
      "uix_search_maxResponsiveWidth" => "10000px"
      "uix_secondaryColor" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_sectionBg" => "#677e9a"
      "uix_sectionLinksStickyStyle" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_separateThreads" => 1
      "uix_shareWidgetModal" => 1
      "uix_sideNavCollapsed" => 0
      "uix_sideNavigationAnimation" => 0
      "uix_sidebarBlockRow" => []
      "uix_sidebarBreakpoint" => "1000px"
      "uix_sidebarIcons" => 0
      "uix_sidebarLocation" => "right"
      "uix_sidebarMobileCanvas" => 1
      "uix_sidebarNavWidth" => "210px"
      "uix_sidebarNavigationStyle" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_sidebarTriggerPhrase" => 0
      "uix_sidebarTriggerPosition" => "sectionLinks"
      "uix_sidebarWidgetAnimations" => 0
      "uix_sidebarWidgetFooter" => []
      "uix_sidebarWidgetHeading" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_sidebarWidgetWrapper" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_signatureHoverEnabled" => 0
      "uix_signatureMaxHeight" => "100"
      "uix_similarScrollNotice" => 1
      "uix_socialMediaIcon" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_socialMediaPosition" => "copyright"
      "uix_staffBarBreakpoint" => "1000px"
      "uix_staffBarTab" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_staffBarTabHover" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_stickyCategoryStrips" => 0
      "uix_stickyNavHeight" => "72px"
      "uix_stickyNavigationStyle" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_stickySectionLinkHeight" => "40px"
      "uix_stickySidebar" => "disabled"
      "uix_stickySidebarCalcDelay" => "100"
      "uix_stickySidenav" => 1
      "uix_stickyStaffBar" => 1
      "uix_stickyStaffBarHeight" => "40px"
      "uix_stickyStaffbarStyle" => []
      "uix_structPaddingH" => "16px"
      "uix_structPaddingV" => "16px"
      "uix_subForumTitle" => array:1 [ …1]
      "uix_swipeSupport" => 0
      "uix_tabBarLocation" => "header"
      "uix_tablinksInSideNav" => 1
      "uix_tag" => []
      "uix_tagHover" => []
      "uix_textSelection" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_threadField" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_threadListSeparator" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_titlebar" => array:5 [ …5]
      "uix_titlebarLocation" => "mainContainerTop"
      "uix_topBreadcrumbLocation" => "aboveMainContainer"
      "uix_transition" => "cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1)"
      "uix_userTabsPosition" => "navigation"
      "uix_version" => "2.2.15.0.2"
      "uix_viewportCenterLogo" => "0px"
      "uix_viewportCollapseStaffLinks" => "1000px"
      "uix_viewportCollapseStats" => "1000px"
      "uix_viewportCondenseVisitorTabs" => "10000px"
      "uix_viewportRemoveRegisterText" => "650px"
      "uix_viewportRemoveVisitorTabsText" => "100000px"
      "uix_viewportShowLogoBlock" => "100%"
      "uix_viewportWidthRemoveSubNav" => "1px"
      "uix_visitorPanelIcons" => 0
      "uix_visitorTabsMobile" => "initial"
      "uix_voteActionButton" => "mobile"
      "uix_welcomeSectionForumListOnly" => 1
      "uix_welcomeSectionIcon__style" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_welcomeSectionInner" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_welcomeSectionLocation" => "sidebar"
      "uix_welcomeSectionOverlay" => ""
      "uix_welcomeSectionText__style" => array:4 [ …4]
      "uix_welcomeSectionTitle__style" => array:2 [ …2]
      "uix_welcomeSectionVisible" => "guests"
      "uix_welcomeSection__buttonText" => "Register"
      "uix_welcomeSection__icon" => ""
      "uix_welcomeSection__style" => array:3 [ …3]
      "uix_welcomeSection__text" => "Get access to live stream, lessons, the post exchange, and chat with other snipers."
      "uix_welcomeSection__title" => "Join the Hide community"
      "uix_welcomeSection__url" => "register"
      "uix_widgetPadding" => "16px"
      "adavAchievement" => []
      "adavAchievementCriterionTitle" => []
      "adavAchievementCriterionTitleCompleted" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adavAchievementTitleCommon" => []
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      "adavAchievementTitleLegendary" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adavAchievementTitleRare" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adavAchievementTitleUncommon" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adavAchievementTitleUnique" => array:1 [ …1]
      "adav_memberLevelBadeLocation" => "stats"
      "audfeeds_chromeless_tabs" => 0
      "audfeeds_tabbar_location" => "aboveMainContent"
      "audfeeds_tabsWrapper" => []
      "avatarDefaultImage" => ""
      "avatarDefaultTextContent" => "?"
      "avatarDefaultType" => "text"
      "avatarDynamicFont" => "'Arial', sans-serif"
      "avatarDynamicLineHeight" => "1.04"
      "avatarDynamicTextPercent" => "60"
      "badgeHighlighted" => array:2 [ …2]
      "bbCodeBlockExpandHeight" => "150px"
      "bbCodeImgFloatMargin" => "0.25em"
      "bbCodeImgFloatMarginAfter" => "1.35em"
      "bbCodeImgLarge" => "512px"
      "bbCodeImgMedium" => "128px"
      "bbCodeImgSmall" => "64px"
      "borderSizeMinorFeature" => "2px"
      "editorToolsBg" => "transparent"
      "emailPublicLogoUrl" => ""
      "errorBg" => "rgb(253, 233, 233)"
      "errorColor" => "rgb(200, 68, 72)"
      "errorFeatureColor" => "rgb(200, 68, 72)"
      "findThreadsNavStyle" => "tabs"
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      "formResponsive" => "540px"
      "formSubmitSticky" => 1
      "lineHeightDefault" => "1.4"
      "memberHeaderNameBanner" => array:1 [ …1]
      "memberTooltipNameBanner" => array:1 [ …1]
      "messageSingleColumnWidth" => "650px"
      "messageUserBlockWidth" => "120px"
      "nfCalendarDateIcons" => 0
      "nodeListSubDisplay" => "menu"
      "noticeScrollInterval" => "6"
      "overlayMaskBlur" => "0px"
      "overlayTopMargin" => "4vh"
      "pageNavStyle" => "mixed"
      "pageWidthMax" => "1200px"
      "publicIconsMaskable" => 0
      "publicLogoUrl2x" => ""
      "publicNavPaddingV" => "8px"
      "publicNavSticky" => "primary"
      "publicPushBadgeUrl" => "styles/default/xenforo/bell.png"
      "publicPwaInstallVideoUrl" => "styles/default/xenforo/add_to_home.mp4"
      "publicSubNavPaddingH" => "8px"
      "reactionSummaryOnLists" => ""
      "responsiveMedium" => "650px"
      "responsiveNarrow" => "480px"
      "successBg" => "rgb(218, 243, 216)"
      "successColor" => "rgb(61, 121, 63)"
      "successFeatureColor" => "rgb(99, 178, 101)"
      "th_backgroundSelector_nodes" => ".node--id{node_id} > .node-body"
      "th_enableGrid_nodes" => 0
      "th_enableGrid_nodes_advanced" => 0
      "th_enableNodeFooter_nodes" => 1
      "th_enableStyling_nodes" => 0
      "th_imageOverlay" => "rgba(0,0,0,.4)"
      "th_nodeGutter" => "10px"
      "th_reactplus_condensedSummary" => 0
      "th_reactplus_countMin" => "1"
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      "th_uix_staffMessageBlock" => []
      "th_uix_staffMessageNewIndicator" => []
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      "th_uix_staffMessageUserBlock" => []
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      "th_uix_threadStarterMessageNewIndicator" => []
      "th_uix_threadStarterMessageSignature" => []
      "th_uix_threadStarterMessageUserBlock" => []
      "thdonate_separateCompletedCampaigns" => 0
      "thfeature_defaultFeatureBackground" => ""
      "thfeature_display_style" => "default"
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      "thfeature_firstPost_author" => 1
      "thfeature_firstPost_style" => array:2 [ …2]
      "thfeature_icon_size" => "l"
      "thfeature_icon_style" => "default"
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      "thmonetize_userUpgradeCurrency" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thmonetize_userUpgradeLength" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thmonetize_userUpgradeOccurrence" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thmonetize_userUpgradePrice" => array:1 [ …1]
      "thmonetize_userUpgradeShapeBorderWidth" => "12px"
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      "thnodes_enable_header_styling_forumView" => 0
      "thnodes_enable_header_styling_threadView" => 0
      "thnodes_enable_icons" => 0
      "thnodes_show_header_icon" => 0
      "thuix_webapp_icon192x192" => ""
      "thuix_webapp_icon512x512" => ""
      "thxpress_articleFeaturedImageCover" => 1
      "thxpress_carouselItems" => "1"
      "thxpress_excerpt" => 1
      "thxpress_excerptLimit" => "55"
      "thxpress_hideSignature" => 0
      "thxpress_postThumbnails" => 1
      "thxpress_showFunctionalTags" => 0
      "voteNegativeColor" => "rgb(200, 68, 72)"
      "votePositiveColor" => "rgb(99, 178, 101)"
      "warningBg" => "rgb(251, 247, 226)"
      "warningColor" => "rgb(132, 101, 61)"
      "warningFeatureColor" => "rgb(220, 218, 84)"
      "whatsNewNavStyle" => "tabs"
      "xfmgCategoryList" => "container"
      "xpress_articleThumbnailSize" => "thumbnail"
      "xpress_categoryScroller" => 1
      "xpress_removeFeaturedMeta" => 0
      "xpress_vwColumnBreakpoint" => "650px"
      "zIndexMultiplier" => "100"
    ]
    #options: array:14 [
      "style_id" => 27
      "parent_id" => 26
      "parent_list" => array:6 [ …6]
      "title" => "Realms: Sniper's Hide (Dark)"
      "description" => ""
      "assets" => []
      "effective_assets" => []
      "user_selectable" => true
      "designer_mode" => null
      "th_product_id_uix" => 0
      "th_product_version_uix" => null
      "th_primary_child_uix" => false
      "th_child_style_xml_uix" => ""
      "th_child_style_cache_uix" => []
    ]
  }
  "isRtl" => false
  "options" => ArrayObject {#229
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      "acpSearchExclude" => []
      "activitySummaryEmail" => array:4 [ …4]
      "activitySummaryEmailBatchLimit" => "100"
      "ad_lb_alertTop" => "15"
      "ad_lb_awardTop" => "10"
      "ad_lb_cache" => "5"
      "ad_lb_defaultSort" => "weekly"
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      "ad_lb_incrementNumber" => "5"
      "ad_lb_rankChanges" => "1"
      "ad_lb_types" => array:5 [ …5]
      "ad_lb_userEntry" => "1"
      "ad_lb_userEntry_rank" => "1"
      "adav_level_formula" => "logarithmic"
      "adav_level_formula_data" => array:4 [ …4]
      "adca_dismissDuration" => "0"
      "adca_dismissible" => "1"
      "adca_notifyCutoff" => "7"
      "adca_notifyUserAfter" => "7"
      "addBanUserGroup" => "23"
      "adminRequireTfa" => "0"
      "adsDisallowedTemplates" => """
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        register_form
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      "akismetKey" => "8be4acf584c1"
      "alertExpiryDays" => "3"
      "alertsPerPage" => "25"
      "alertsPopupExpiryDays" => "7"
      "allowGuestRte" => "1"
      "allowVideoUploads" => array:2 [ …2]
      "allowedCodeLanguages" => """
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        """
      "approveSharedBannedRejectedIp" => array:2 [ …2]
      "attachmentExtensions" => """
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        png\n
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        """
      "attachmentMaxDimensions" => array:2 [ …2]
      "attachmentMaxFileSize" => "25000"
      "attachmentMaxPerMessage" => "25"
      "attachmentThumbnailDimensions" => "150"
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        """
      "audapi_oauthPublicKey" => """
        -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n
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        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n
        """
      "audapp_appConfig" => array:4 [ …4]
      "audapp_appConfigFailures" => "0"
      "audapp_appConfigKey" => "d3ZYUjJEUEFxdERyOWlWbQ=="
      "audapp_appId" => "com.snipershide.app"
      "audapp_appleBid" => "com.snipershide.app.ios"
      "audapp_appleEnvironment" => "default"
      "audapp_appleSharedSecret" => "f0673ec43fea4ce69a9cab6b362d3738"
      "audapp_darkStyleId" => "22"
      "audapp_enableAppInstallBanner" => "1"
      "audapp_enableExtraNodeData" => "1"
      "audapp_enableInlineAds" => "1"
      "audapp_enableInterstitialAds" => "1"
      "audapp_enablePushLog" => "0"
      "audapp_featureToggles" => array:11 [ …11]
      "audapp_googleClientEmail" => "[email protected]"
      "audapp_googlePackageName" => "com.snipershide.app.android"
      "audapp_googlePrivateKey" => "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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\nSrUfD9J1NACHWIyn0VfLwuXB\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
      "audapp_googleProjectId" => "pc-api-8550534343379152468-165"
      "audapp_iOSAppStoreId" => ""
      "audapp_isSetup" => "1"
      "audapp_killApp" => "0"
      "audapp_killPushNotifications" => "0"
      "audapp_lightStyleId" => "21"
      "audapp_logPushApiErrors" => "0"
      "audapp_newPostDisplayMode" => "thread"
      "audapp_pageDisplayTypes" => array:5 [ …5]
      "audav_earn_alerts" => "first"
      "audav_level_alerts" => "1"
      "audav_showEarnOnModal" => "0"
      "audentioapi_oauthAccessTokenTTL" => "2592000"
      "audentioapi_oauthRefreshTokenTTL" => "5184000"
      "audentiocommunity_lastReportEval" => "0"
      "audentiocommunity_reportScore" => "0"
      "audentioleaderboards_pageSize" => "25"
      "audfeeds_ajaxTabs" => "1"
      "audfeeds_ajaxUpdate" => "1"
      "audfeeds_ajaxUpdateRate" => "5"
      "audfeeds_availablePrefixFilters" => []
      "audfeeds_availableTTFilters" => []
      "audfeeds_cachePageCount" => "1"
      "audfeeds_cacheTime" => "5"
      "audfeeds_cacheTimeLong" => "24"
      "audfeeds_createButton" => array:7 [ …7]
      "audfeeds_curatedLimit" => "100"
      "audfeeds_curatedMaxDays" => "30"
      "audfeeds_decay" => "exp"
      "audfeeds_dropdownSelect" => "1"
      "audfeeds_enableCustomOrder" => "0"
      "audfeeds_enableNodeFilter" => "1"
      "audfeeds_enablePage" => "1"
      "audfeeds_entriesPerPage" => "25"
      "audfeeds_excludeNodeIds" => []
      "audfeeds_filterAutoSave" => "0"
      "audfeeds_filterWidgetPosition" => "sidenav"
      "audfeeds_hideGuestMedia" => "1"
      "audfeeds_holdPromotionX" => "60"
      "audfeeds_maxPages" => "1000"
      "audfeeds_newsFeedReactions" => "0"
      "audfeeds_promoteEverySocialX" => "60"
      "audfeeds_promoteEveryX" => "60"
      "audfeeds_redirectWhatsNew" => "0"
      "audfeeds_unlimitedScroll" => "1"
      "audfeeds_unreadIndicators" => "1"
      "audfeeds_weightComment" => "1000"
      "audfeeds_weightPost" => "1000"
      "audfeeds_weightRating" => "1000"
      "audfeeds_weightReaction" => "100"
      "audfeeds_weightReactionSocial" => "100"
      "audfeeds_weightView" => "1"
      "audlive_logApiErrors" => "0"
      "autoEmbedMedia" => array:2 [ …2]
      "boardActive" => "1"
      "boardDescription" => "Sniper's Hide Forum"
      "boardInactiveMessage" => "Sniper's Hide is currently undergoing an upgrade. Check back in a few hours!"
      "boardShortTitle" => ""
      "boardTitle" => "Sniper's Hide Forum"
      "boardUrl" => "https://www.snipershide.com/shooting"
      "boardUrlCanonical" => "0"
      "bounceEmailAddress" => ""
      "captcha" => "ReCaptcha"
      "categoryOwnPage" => "0"
      "censorCharacter" => "*"
      "censorWords" => []
      "changeLogLength" => "60"
      "collectServerStats" => array:4 [ …4]
      "contactEmailAddress" => "[email protected]"
      "contactEmailSenderHeader" => "0"
      "contactUrl" => array:3 [ …3]
      "conversationPopupExpiryHours" => "72"
      "convertMarkdownToBbCode" => "0"
      "cookieConsent" => array:1 [ …1]
      "cookieConsentLogLength" => "90"
      "currentVersionId" => "2021672"
      "defaultEmailAddress" => "[email protected]"
      "defaultEmailStyleId" => "15"
      "defaultLanguageId" => "1"
      "defaultStyleId" => "27"
      "disallowedCustomTitles" => """
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        moderator
        """
      "discourageBlankChance" => "10"
      "discourageDelay" => array:2 [ …2]
      "discourageFloodMultiplier" => "10"
      "discourageRedirectChance" => "15"
      "discourageRedirectUrl" => ""
      "discourageSearchChance" => "40"
      "discussionPreview" => "1"
      "discussionRssContentLength" => "500"
      "discussionsPerPage" => "20"
      "displayVisitorCount" => "title_and_icon"
      "dynamicAvatarEnable" => "1"
      "editHistory" => array:2 [ …2]
      "editLogDisplay" => array:2 [ …2]
      "editorDropdownConfig" => array:1 [ …1]
      "editorToolbarConfig" => array:4 [ …4]
      "emailBounceHandler" => array:7 [ …7]
      "emailConversationIncludeMessage" => "1"
      "emailDkim" => array:5 [ …5]
      "emailFileCheckWarning" => array:2 [ …2]
      "emailSenderName" => ""
      "emailShare" => "1"
      "emailSoftBounceThreshold" => array:3 [ …3]
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      "privacyPolicyForceWhitelist" => ""
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      "redditShare" => "0"
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      "rootBreadcrumb" => "forums"
      "s9e_MediaSites_AMAZON_ASSOCIATE_TAG" => ""
      "s9e_MediaSites_AMAZON_ASSOCIATE_TAG_CA" => ""
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      "s9e_MediaSites_Footer" => "show"
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      "s9e_MediaSites_Markup" => "media"
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      "th_imageoptimizer_disabledContentTypes" => []
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      "th_instagramUrl_uix" => "https://www.instagram.com/shlowlight"
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      "th_optimizeOnUpload_imageOptimizer" => "1"
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      "th_postbitCollapseDefault_uix" => "all"
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      "th_reactplus_reactionPicker" => "default"
      "th_redditUrl_uix" => ""
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      "th_sidebarNavCollapseDefault_uix" => ""
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      "th_tumblrUrl_uix" => ""
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      "thconnectedaccountproviders_mapToCustom" => array:2 [ …2]
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      "thfeature_featurePageSlider" => "1"
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      "xfmgAudioExtensions" => """
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      "xfmgCommentsPerPage" => "10"
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      "xfrmResourceCurrencies" => """
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      "xfrmResourceDeleteThreadAction" => array:4 [ …4]
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        pdf\n
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        jpg\n
        jpeg\n
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        gif\n
        psd\n
        tif
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Advancements in bullet design...

Fig

Tenor in the howler choir
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Mar 15, 2018
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...are all moving towards one thing. Setting aside all terminal ballistics, and only focusing on flight:
Bullet designs have gotten incrementally better since I started shooting in the 1970s. New bullets come out with a slightly higher BC. Yet...

The physics is the physics. We have known, both theoretically/mathematically on paper and through testing, what shape has the lowest drag coefficient and therefore the highest BC since 1947. The Sears-Haack body is the shape of an object with the lowest possible fluid drag.
1736956629232.png

The more a bullet looks like that the higher BC it's going to have and the slower the delta of speed as drag acts on it as it moves through air. There simply AREN'T "advancements" in bullet design when the most efficient shape possible has been around for 75+ years. Yea, there are materials, bonding, etc., but none of that is going to make it fly any better. Why isn't there a VLD that is literally a Sears-Haack body? Why isn't every competition bullet a Sears-Haack body? Is the symmetrical ogive at the rear some manufacturing or reloading problem? Am I missing something obvious? Really, as I look at the progression of bullets I've used I can literally see them getting more and more like a Sears-Haack. Is there something stopping us from just going directly to it? Is it too costly, or is it not possible to point both ends? I mean, there must be some valid reason I'm missing, because it's not like the best possible shape is a secret. Hell, if it is some manufacturing process problem then why not just weld two flat back bullets together? There is always going to be a market for the best, and we have always known exactly what that is.

Is someone somewhere crafting these for their own use? People are turning monolithic bullets, but I haven't seen one that was literally a Sears-Haack. Why, or are they out there?

Maybe this whole line of thinking is dumb, I don't know, but I've seen a thousand posts about a new bullet design, when there's really only a single one, and every bullet that doesn't care about terminal ballistics wants to be that one design.

 
I would guess stability is an issue and the rear facing "point," or whatever the scientific term is for it, would get deformed under pressure at ignition. Boat tails try to do this to a degree and I'd be interested if boat tails are 10% or 80% effective compared to the image above.

Hornady has stated as well that a benefit of the ATIP is more consistency with the really pointed bullets and they actually reduced the "pointiness" to gain consistency. I'm sure a bullet like that would have to be turned
 
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Without some fancy sabot, I dont see how the shape would work in our current cartridges. Seems it would also take some incredible twist rate despite having very little bearing surface.


It would be interesting to see how it would scale for an actual benefit. For example, is the BC so good that it could be a 80 grain 6.5 and outperform a berger 156 at the same velocity? Or is the reality that its 10% better, and the challenges with loading and shooting it far outweigh the small advantage?


I didn’t stay in a holiday in express last night.
 
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I get what you're saying, but how far off are modern competition bullets really? I mean, they're getting there...slowly. Every new bullet design for BC and flight characteristics is moving one direction, to one design. It's the design that physics determines is the best one.
1736959999596.png
1736960112338.png
1736960753087.png

It is the vaccum created by the air behind the flat surface at the rear of the body that causes the most drag. It's also what disturbs the air the most and causes light to refract when you see trace. This is what is literally pulling backwards on the bullet like one foot on the gas and one foot on the brake. While this would look like a big jump back in the day, it seems like we're almost there now. The Sears-Haack brings the molecules sliding along it's surface back together at the rear eliminating this vacuum as much as possible.

I am not a physicists or a bullet manufacturer. The actual equations involved may as well be Chinese to me, but I am literate, and grasp the concepts, and can certainly see what the body looks like and why it is the most efficient.

The case capacity argument seems moot to me with the short/fat cases with long necks that we now have, and the VLDs protruding into them with no ill effect. I don't think a longer neck to contain the body is a deal killer. Yes, you will probably get less life out of your cases, but I'll bet every single ELR shooter (and most LR steel shooters) wouldn't care.

I also don't believe that the tapered back is going to deform in a barrel. From my experience the only part of a bullet that deforms prior to impact is bearing surface which contacts the lands to impart spin. Once the bearing surface makes contact there is an effective seal. The explosion behind it doesn't care what shape it's imparting the force to as long as it's not escaping along the bearing surface. I don't see why eliminating the heel and base of the bullet would have any effect.

Maybe I'm wrong, but that's how it seems to me.
 
Just eliminating the base and turning it into a point rather than a flat would be the next logical progression, and I'll bet would significantly advance the BC. No, it's still not the actual SH body, but it's a jump closer.
In-bore tilt would be obscene, CG location is also not doing you any favors. Low drag doesn't mean it will shoot small groups.
Again, it's all been moving this direction and while maybe not practical for a true SH Body, straightening out the ogive to have a longer bearing surface doesn't seem like it would have a huge effect (the exact design we have now), but why a flat back? Why not point the back to get closer to the ideal? Why the incrementalism? Bullets are one use. It's not like you can get our customers on the refill cartridges or upgrades. There doesn't seem to be any fiscal purpose for a bullet manufacturer not to try and get as close as practical. Are there bullets available with a pointed base (no base)? Isn't that the next step of "bullet advancement" or rather closer to the ideal of SH Body?

Is center of gravity in the center of the bullet a bad thing? Is it possible that with much less drag and little or no vacuum behind the bullet it would require LESS spin to stabilize? Where is the CG on modern LVDs? I'm asking...
 
Just eliminating the base and turning it into a point rather than a flat would be the next logical progression, and I'll bet would significantly advance the BC. No, it's still not the actual SH body, but it's a jump closer.

Again, it's all been moving this direction and while maybe not practical for a true SH Body, straightening out the ogive to have a longer bearing surface doesn't seem like it would have a huge effect (the exact design we have now), but why a flat back? Why not point the back to get closer to the ideal? Why the incrementalism? Bullets are one use. It's not like you can get our customers on the refill cartridges or upgrades. There doesn't seem to be any fiscal purpose for a bullet manufacturer not to try and get as close as practical. Are there bullets available with a pointed base (no base)? Isn't that the next step of "bullet advancement" or rather closer to the ideal of SH Body?

Is center of gravity in the center of the bullet a bad thing? Is it possible that with much less drag and little or no vacuum behind the bullet it would require LESS spin to stabilize? Where is the CG on modern LVDs? I'm asking...
Spend the ~$10 for this eBook:

 
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I get what you're saying, but how far off are modern competition bullets really? I mean, they're getting there...slowly. Every new bullet design for BC and flight characteristics is moving one direction, to one design. It's the design that physics determines is the best one.
View attachment 8592550View attachment 8592552View attachment 8592557
It is the vaccum created by the air behind the flat surface at the rear of the body that causes the most drag. It's also what disturbs the air the most and causes light to refract when you see trace. This is what is literally pulling backwards on the bullet like one foot on the gas and one foot on the brake. While this would look like a big jump back in the day, it seems like we're almost there now. The Sears-Haack brings the molecules sliding along it's surface back together at the rear eliminating this vacuum as much as possible.

I am not a physicists or a bullet manufacturer. The actual equations involved may as well be Chinese to me, but I am literate, and grasp the concepts, and can certainly see what the body looks like and why it is the most efficient.

The case capacity argument seems moot to me with the short/fat cases with long necks that we now have, and the VLDs protruding into them with no ill effect. I don't think a longer neck to contain the body is a deal killer. Yes, you will probably get less life out of your cases, but I'll bet every single ELR shooter (and most LR steel shooters) wouldn't care.

I also don't believe that the tapered back is going to deform in a barrel. From my experience the only part of a bullet that deforms prior to impact is bearing surface which contacts the lands to impart spin. Once the bearing surface makes contact there is an effective seal. The explosion behind it doesn't care what shape it's imparting the force to as long as it's not escaping along the bearing surface. I don't see why eliminating the heel and base of the bullet would have any effect.

Maybe I'm wrong, but that's how it seems to me.
Pressure in a fluid is exerted at right angles. That's a large part of why bullets have flat bases. While the pressure building behind the SH shape will eventually move it out of the barrel, I don't think that acceleration will be nearly as efficient as with a perpendicular surface to push against.
 
I will get it.
Have you read it?
Does it talk about this or the reasons bullets must have a flat back?
It discusses all of the common designs and even theoretical. Also quite a bit about sabots which such a design would require.
Some of the bullet points (Har!) have been touched on here but it has more to it that is way too long to type out. The number of interactions and design compromises required for a bullet to work well are staggering, it is amazing that much works as well as it does.
 
Pressure in a fluid is exerted at right angles. That's a large part of why bullets have flat bases. While the pressure building behind the SH shape will eventually move it out of the barrel, I don't think that acceleration will be nearly as efficient as with a perpendicular surface to push against.
I see your point. I somewhat agree, and I think there might be some sort of measurable change in terms of efficiency, but Pascal's Law also states that the pressure is uniform throughout and exerts the exact same pressure at right angles everywhere. There is nowhere for the pressure to go in a barrel except to move the projectile down the barrel. The pressure acting at a right angle to the bullet does not rise any more than it does where the bearing surface meets the lands, because it is uniform and moves the bullet forward to relieve the pressure as the path of least resistance (by a wide margin). The same charge in a .50 round ball ML gives me almost the same velocity with a 270gr, flat back Mine Ball. I'm sure there's a difference in efficiency, but it is not enough to notice without special equipment. I don't notice it when shooting ML. What I do notice is how much a round ball sucks, and how a 270gr, .50 round ball leaving the barrel at 1,700fps looses half it's velocity and goes sub-sonic at less than 100 yards. The explosion does not seem to effect the back of a round ball bullet much at all even though the only place the pressure is acting at a pure right angle is the point on the bullet closest to the breach. Even the soft lead is not deformed or altered discernably, as the path of least resistance is to force the bullet down the barrel by an extremely wide margin. If the bullet was a cylinder, with a perfect flat back, I expect there would be no discernable of observable difference either without special equipment.

The pressure on the parts of the bullet behind the sealed bearing surface are not going compress or deform. If this were otherwise it would deform the boat tail and the heel (all receiving the same force as the base) on a flat back VLD bullet, but it doesn't. I would think that whatever the change was it could be compensated for with either a reduced or increased charge depending on which way it went. There would be no reason to try and increase the pressure of a bullet not disposed to slow down because of the vacuum behind it, and I would think you could run lower and slower and stay super sonic for far, far longer distance.
 
TLDR: Most things that you do to reduce drag cause accuracy issues either out of the gate or down range. Manufacturing slowly gets better and better and allows us to "get away with" more and still have the bullets shoot but that projectile would be extremely erratic for a number of reasons.

1. Tangent radius transition into a boat tail, and radius "ogive" boat tails have been tried. Magnus moment eats your lunch and you lose dynamic stability at long range much sooner than the potential drag benefits gain you anything. In other words, traditional boat tails are better.

2. The drag benefit per unit of length of boat tail diminishes beyond about 1 caliber. Most boat tails are 0.6-0.8 calibers long. McCoy has this in his book with drag vs. BT angle and drag vs. BT length charts. It's a "juice ain't worth the squeeze" situation.

2.5. This projectile would have to be machined/turned. Probably out of copper or you could do a two piece part out of something like tungsten with a copper band. It's not commercially viable out of tungsten (AP and they'd be $40-60 ea.). Have someone turn some out of copper and try it. In the scheme of things these would cost a barrel and a few hundred dollars extra to prove it doesn't work :D This shape or anything approximating it would be abhorrent to make as a cup&core bullet if you wanted to do it with consistency/precision in mind. The length of it would necessitate twist rates that will exacerbate any manufacturing flaws (eccentric mass).

3. DVRT. Low drag is nice, and going to a needle point is going to produce low drag. In a wind tunnel or in a simulation where you can force the AoA with the oncoming flow to be zero, it's all hunky dory. When you spin stabilize a projectile in the real world through pockets of variable density and variable speed/direction air and yaw & precession you are better off to compromise some of that drag reduction for increased consistency in drag for the sake of hit probability.

4. Long skinny projectiles with no bearing surface like that when subjected to a 55-80ksi kick in the ass tend not to enter the rifling perfectly straight. A guy would want more bearing surface. Also the body made of real materials is not rigid and you run into harmonic responses that do all sorts of cool erratic stuff.
 
@Fig:
[EDITED 1/18 11:18 AM]
You original proposition proposes to minimize the drag, in this case what we call wave drag which is about 80% of the total drag in the supersonic flow regime. As for the SH body the purpose was to minimize the power requirement of a body subjected to Mach flows greater than 1.0. There was no other constraint in the derivation. Its primary function was to guide engineers in the design of supersonic aircraft. One of the best examples that is obvious is the equipment pod carried under the fuselage of the B-58 Hustler bomber.

A bullet on the other hand has requirements that demand a number of things before its BC is ever considered. It has to be propelled by extremely high pressure gas while traveling down a grooved bore imparting spin on the projectile to the tune of 150,000 to 300,000 RPM in 0.001 second and experiencing an acceleration equal to ~70,000x the acceleration of gravity. At the end of the barrel the bullet is ejected from the muzzle at a high velocity and must survive the upset of the high pressure gas expanding at a velocity greater than the bullet velocity. The base of the bullet is also subjected to the impact of high velocity particles of unburnt powder.

The bullet engineer is faced with certain requirements that must be met to get the bullet to and out of the muzzle. It is also necessary to consider aspects of terminal ballistics such as penetration, weight retention, wound cavity generation. But looking at internal ballistic issues we have some fundamental requirements:

1) The bullet must provide a good seal to maximize the efficiency of the pressure generation of the powder. In general this occurs by either having the bullet exceed the diameter of rifle bore or relying on the bullet base to obturate (or swell) to seal the bore. The most effective way to achive this is with a flat based plug. Hence a flat based bullet or possibly a hollow base would be optimum.

2) The bullet must have sufficient sectional density (diameter and weight) to provide lethal terminal ballistic performance. Additionally the bullet must have enough structural rigidity to penetrate bone and other barriers such as hide or clothing and still provide sufficient penetration.

3) The bullet needs to be tolerant of being subjected to undue forces as it exits the muzzle due to unburnt powder and ejected gas. This is best accomplished by a flat based bullet as the bullet exits prior to the gas ejecta. A boat tail bullet is subject to additional forces since the bullet boat tail allows ejecta to begin exiting the barrel prior to the boat tail exiting the muzzle. ( there are videos and photos available on the internet that show this behavior). This is the reason that flat based bullets are inherently more accurate than boat tail bullets. Also the boat tail has a marginal impact on performance of the bullet at supersonic conditions but is contribution becomes much more significant as the bullet enters the transonic and subsonic regimes.

The SH or similar shaped body is symmetrical about its center of gravity in all three plane so that the ogive of the body (front and rear is/or nearly the same in front of its maximum diameter, hence the rear portion of the bullet is exposed to extremely hot gasses which would deform the thinest portions of the tail. This deformed portion of the tail could also be asymmetrical and exposed to the ejecta for an extended period of time as opposed to a boat tail furthering the upset forces and adding to the dispersion of the bullet.

The idea of a SH body projectile unfortunately is not compatible with the propulsion system that we utilize for a rifle or handgun. However, the same fundamental principles apply to both bullets and specifically to the SH body.
 
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A boat tail bullet is subject to additional forces since the bullet boat tail allows ejecta to begin exiting the barrel prior to the boat tail exiting the muzzle. ( there are videos and photos available on the internet that show this behavior).This is the reason that flat based bullets are inherently more accurate than boat tail bullets. Also the boat tail has a marginal impact on performance of the bullet at supersonic conditions but is contribution becomes much more significant as the bullet enters the transonic and subsonic regimes.
In general, a great and reasonable answer, because low drag is not the only requirement for a projectile for small arms
As a result of what has been said, is it possible to draw some general conclusion? that the boat tail is more desirable for those who shoot subsonic exclusively. Or at a distance where the bullet goes subsonic and further?

In other words, wouldn't it be better to choose a projectile for those who shoot, say, benchrest at close distances, to choose bullets with a flat base? If all other parameters (the main one being the difference in ballistic coefficients) are the same or ignore them.?
 
In general, a great and reasonable answer, because low drag is not the only requirement for a projectile for small arms
As a result of what has been said, is it possible to draw some general conclusion? that the boat tail is more desirable for those who shoot subsonic exclusively. Or at a distance where the bullet goes subsonic and further?

In other words, wouldn't it be better to choose a projectile for those who shoot, say, benchrest at close distances, to choose bullets with a flat base? If all other parameters (the main one being the difference in ballistic coefficients) are the same or ignore them.?
If you look you will find many flat based target bullets in the 224 & 243 calibers that are flat based. Berger even has a 150gn 308 caliber flat based target bullet. There are also numerous varmint bullets that are flat based for the same reasons. These bullets excel at 100 and 200 yds. Once you get to 300 then things begin to change and at further distances the boat tail advantage with its higher BC will benefit, especially in the wind.
 
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You’re missing a lot. For starters why not all solids? If it were that easy as just a shape everyone would spin bullets on lathes and yet they dont. I remember a while back there were a few threads where Bohem and few others participated in also Boatright attached his paper on design and drilled butts. But noone discussed material composition, hardness levels and other manufacturing factors that make bullet accurate. When lead bullet gets into the bore it expands and seals which covers basically all and any bore tolerance over all barrel manufacturers. When solid does it does not hence certain barrels wont shoot certain solids. Copper alloys can be hard can be soft and again will or wont foul bore will or wont machine well etc… In the end the small gain of BC compared to modern lead bullet many times wont offset the manufacturing cost and/or development complexity and barrel compatibility.

I should know i’ve tried plenty of my own designs and others with various barrels and got very mixed results…

PS: Not all cnc controllers support advanced curves and plenty of them require modelling with simple radiuses and other types of approximation so in the end you get hack not haack
 
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The quote in post 21 discusses the conditions of the Haack body--here's the quote in full.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Sears–Haack body

The Sears–Haack body is the shape with the lowest theoretical wave drag in supersonic flow, for a slender solid body of revolution with a given body length and volume. The mathematical derivation assumes small-disturbance (linearized) supersonic flow, which is governed by the Prandtl–Glauert equation. The derivation and shape were published independently by two separate researchers: Wolfgang Haack in 1941 and later by William Sears in 1947.[1][2][3]
 
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You’re missing a lot. For starters why not all solids? If it were that easy as just a shape everyone would spin bullets on lathes and yet they dont. I remember a while back there were a few threads where Bohem and few others participated in also Boatright attached his paper on design and drilled butts. But noone discussed material composition, hardness levels and other manufacturing factors that make bullet accurate. When lead bullet gets into the bore it expands and seals which covers basically all and any bore tolerance over all barrel manufacturers. When solid does it does not hence certain barrels wont shoot certain solids. Copper alloys can be hard can be soft and again will or wont foul bore will or wont machine well etc… In the end the small gain of BC compared to modern lead bullet many times wont offset the manufacturing cost and/or development complexity and barrel compatibility.

I should know i’ve tried plenty of my own designs and others with various barrels and got very mixed results…

PS: Not all cnc controllers support advanced curves and plenty of them require modelling with simple radiuses and other types of approximation so in the end you get hack not haack
Are any of the mass produced bullets turned? I thought that turning bullets was kind of a niche, hand manufacturing process that cost much, much more. Is someone using CNC to Mfg bullets? Again, I don't know much at all about the MFG process of bullets.

Terminal ballistics is a whole other ball of wax, which is why I set it aside. I don't care what the bullet does when it impacts. I just want the most stable and lowest drag possible, and I was not aware that drag and stability were somehow inversely proportional. I'm not saying that the theory and the math always matches reality, but it is certainly a guide. In terms of hardness, yea, soft enough to fill the lands and seal, but hard enough not to compress/deform from just the pressure.

I'm also not saying that it has to be the perfect SH body, but as I look at the progression of bullet designs it seems like the boat tail is more like the SH body than anything that came before it. It isn't evident to me that flattening out the central body to provide a larger bearing surface would significantly change things, just as it doesn't seem evident to me that pointing the base would cause instability or some precipitous drop in the efficiency of the explosion/charge.... But I could certainly be wrong...

From most of the comments here it would seem that the VLD boat tail is the ultimate design, and nothing can top it, so why bother? My contention is that even though the vacuum is smaller behind a boat tail it would be even smaller if you took the same shape of bullet and pointed the heel rather than having a flat back. I assumed that bullets weren't like this because of some difficulty in manufacturing. That said, the monolithic solids I've seen do not have a different design than the VLDs 1ea/500. Even under more pressure than any SAMI cartridge can attain even soft lead is essentially non-compressible, so I think that angle is moot. It doesn't track for me that a flat back does anything essential for bullet flight other than slow it down faster. I don't see how having a larger vacuum following the bullet and slowing it down imparts greater stability. But again, I'm just asking. If it does, and it is essential precision and repeatability how does that work?
 
here's the relevant bit from AB:
Some bullets do this better than others. Typically bullets that are shorter and have shallow boat-tail angles will track
better through the transonic range. On the contrary, bullets that are longer… can experience a greater range of pitching
and yawing in the transonic range
that will depress their ballistic coefficients at that speed to greater or lesser extents
depending on the exact conditions of the day. That makes it very hard to predict your trajectory for bullets like that
through that speed range
.
So would you say the Haack body is "shorter" or "longer"...?

To a first approximation, I generally woudl consider anything really "pointy" is relatively long, and anything snub nose as relatively short...but I'm not a rocket scientist LOL.

To an untrained eye, a double-pointy shape like sears Haack is going to raise suspicions of transonic underperformance.

That also may include the acceleration phase, even tho it would be inside the barrel. In theory we'd probably need to understand the twist rates you would need to stabilize such a thing, in addition to how it would accelerate under typical pressues like 62k psi.

Lastly, what types of substrate would even work?

Most space-craft or airplaines are egineered to withstand only airflow, and even then, some are not. IE they are protected during atmosphetic flight by an enclosure, and the enclosure is what withstands the airflow. Examples of this would be the lunar landing module, sputnik etc.

In a rifle projectile application, you'd be looking at a Sabot contstruction. But that raises its own issues in terms of accuracy, and efficiency, and achievable velocity, etc.

The longer it is relative to its weight class and bore diameter, the worse it may perform thru transonic.
 
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Well, to that I'd say that I'm not an ELR shooter and have never had good results through transonic, and have always considered the effective range of my rifles out to that point where they stay supersonic. My current comp gun drops below sonic at 1,470 yards, and trying to hit beyond 1,500 yards, assuming I have the revs for it, with a 107SMK becomes horseshoes and hand grenades. They seem to knuckleball through transonic and the same hold will deliver impacts all around the target where I don't find that on a 1,400 yd target. Maybe that's me, the gun, I don't know, but that's my experience. That said, if the bullet stayed supersonic another couple of hundred yards, because it had no vacuum behind it standing on the brakes it would probably make a difference across the board in terms of being flatter shooting (assuming that had nothing to do with stability and precision).

I'm not saying change the jacket material or anything else. The SH is only "bullet-like". From the lack of an extended bearing surface alone it needs to be modified. I only started with the SH body to form a basis of asking why a boat tail with a flat base rather than being pointed as the physics suggest is far superior. Really all the other stuff is as aside and into the weeds. Not saying it doesn't have everything to do with the Mfg process, and perhaps why this is impractical from a retail perspective, but ballistically I'm not convinced there isn't something to it, and how the shapes of bullets have progressed seems to support that.

Of course, to the practical shooter some bullets seem to shoot much straighter and have more precision that others out of a given rifle, but everyone is kind of shooting the same longer boat tail with a faster twist at this point. Seems to me that pointing the base is the next leap forward, and there must be a reason why no one has done it. There's no question it would take up a little case capacity, but I don't load anything hot anymore so I don't care.
 
here's the relevant bit from AB:

So would you say the Haack body is "shorter" or "longer"...?

To a first approximation, I generally woudl consider anything really "pointy" is relatively long, and anything snub nose as relatively short...but I'm not a rocket scientist LOL.

To an untrained eye, a double-pointy shape like sears Haack is going to raise suspicions of transonic underperformance.

That also may include the acceleration phase, even tho it would be inside the barrel. In theory we'd probably need to understand the twist rates you would need to stabilize such a thing, in addition to how it would accelerate under typical pressues like 62k psi.

Lastly, what types of substrate would even work?

Most space-craft or airplaines are egineered to withstand only airflow, and even then, some are not. IE they are protected during atmosphetic flight by an enclosure, and the enclosure is what withstands the airflow. Examples of this would be the lunar landing module, sputnik etc.

In a rifle projectile application, you'd be looking at a Sabot contstruction. But that raises its own issues in terms of accuracy, and efficiency, and achievable velocity, etc.

The longer it is relative to its weight class and bore diameter, the worse it may perform thru transonic.
What are the ELR guys shooting? Short flat backed bullets that maintain stability through transonic? I thought they shot the same long and VLD's just bigger, but I am totally ignorant about it.
 
Solids are manufactured by by quite a fee companies. Warner tool are quite good in a lot of configurations. Everything about aerodynamics is about compromise and as you can imagine what is best for one thing might not be best for other. Gains to be had from form are so miniscule compared to problems/cost that MODERN lead design is simply better compromise. Of course you can make a few % better bullet for one specific barrel with high cost and through a lot trial and error but outside hobby and trying to develop a business one does best to buy berger/hornady and shoot the rest of his time. For ELR solids would make sense as last drop of BC that can be squeezed from form might offset price however again you will get into subsonic speed range and how stable it will be once at or below 1.2M speed…

Flat assed bullets seal gasses better and exit muzzle in a more predictable way. Benchresters use them in their particular setup where uniformity matters most
 
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What are the ELR guys shooting? Short flat backed bullets that maintain stability through transonic? I thought they shot the same long and VLD's just bigger, but I am totally ignorant about it.
There's a whole series of books written which address all this stuff...Berger/Litz et all publish most of their research every couple years...Things that you are talking about you'd probably really like these books....however, its also true that most of the indusrty/comp shooters have already internalized alot of these findings, so many ideas are now considered the "coventional wisdom"...but you might be interested to learn the "why".

 
Are any of the mass produced bullets turned? I thought that turning bullets was kind of a niche, hand manufacturing process that cost much, much more. Is someone using CNC to Mfg bullets? Again, I don't know much at all about the MFG process of bullets.

Terminal ballistics is a whole other ball of wax, which is why I set it aside. I don't care what the bullet does when it impacts. I just want the most stable and lowest drag possible, and I was not aware that drag and stability were somehow inversely proportional. I'm not saying that the theory and the math always matches reality, but it is certainly a guide. In terms of hardness, yea, soft enough to fill the lands and seal, but hard enough not to compress/deform from just the pressure.

I'm also not saying that it has to be the perfect SH body, but as I look at the progression of bullet designs it seems like the boat tail is more like the SH body than anything that came before it. It isn't evident to me that flattening out the central body to provide a larger bearing surface would significantly change things, just as it doesn't seem evident to me that pointing the base would cause instability or some precipitous drop in the efficiency of the explosion/charge.... But I could certainly be wrong...

From most of the comments here it would seem that the VLD boat tail is the ultimate design, and nothing can top it, so why bother? My contention is that even though the vacuum is smaller behind a boat tail it would be even smaller if you took the same shape of bullet and pointed the heel rather than having a flat back. I assumed that bullets weren't like this because of some difficulty in manufacturing. That said, the monolithic solids I've seen do not have a different design than the VLDs 1ea/500. Even under more pressure than any SAMI cartridge can attain even soft lead is essentially non-compressible, so I think that angle is moot. It doesn't track for me that a flat back does anything essential for bullet flight other than slow it down faster. I don't see how having a larger vacuum following the bullet and slowing it down imparts greater stability. But again, I'm just asking. If it does, and it is essential precision and repeatability how does that work?

Cutting Edge, Werner, Lehigh, PVA... There are a few that lathe turn monolithics. There is definitely a limit for length vs. diameter and skinny profiles. Especially on the back end (BT).

With things like this you have to understand the assumptions made to make a model work, and the limitations of those assumptions. The profile you posted in the OP requires very low Angle of Attack and assumes smooth laminar flow. Does it take into account rotation to stabilize it? The reality of the physical world in a firing event necessitates a lot of not-so-smooth flow and some initial angle of attack (yaw) and yaw rate. You have the hand-off from gyroscopic stability to dynamic stability. And then again, once the bullet slows and noses over after the apogee, there is yet more angle of attack and magnus related instability. All the while depending on Mach regime, wind conditions, thermal conditions, etc.. you have inconsistent air density, abrupt gusts/jarring, and a gyroscopic response, then the effects of trans-sonic shockwave detachment etc... It's a messy world. You can design an AWESOME high speed low drag aircraft fuselage with low profile wings that generate perfectly balanced & scaled lift to the mass/size of the rest of the aircraft and the thrust produced and it will be AWESOME as long as it experiences zero AoA. Then you pull back on the stick or fly against a stiff wind and things get wild. Stability is important. So the Haack projectile may even be the lowest drag projectile shape possible, even if it's spin stabilized, even if it experiences AoA and everything else... Low drag means nothing if its dispersion is erratic.

You're stuck on closing the boat tail to a point or making it longer. If you make the BT angle too abrupt you get laminar flow detachment and "noisy" low pressure drag anyway. If you make the boat tail very long and shallow you reduce drag the longer you make it. BUT the longer it is, the worse the effects of Magnus are on the back end of the trajectory. Also, there is a knee in the curve of "Drag reduction vs. BT Length", and again, this is why most everything you see is 0.6-0.8 calibers long and 7-8 degrees. That's the "happy zone" that balances out good vs. bad effects in actual flight. Just because the BT is shallow and goes all the way back to a point doesn't mean the laminar flow will follow that entire length. For cup&core bullets, anecdotally anyway, it gets a little funky trying to make them and trying to make them consistently shoot small groups when you get beyond 1 caliber boat tails. Talking about viable mass production here, which is a whole different story.

Here is a dynamically unstable high AoA bullet. Notice the flow detachment in the highlighted area? When you experience high AoA this happens well before the end of the boat tail and you still get your messy low pressure drag. Similar thing happens long into the trajectory and the longer the BT the worse the effects of Magnus moment.
highAoA.jpg


Making ogives longer moves Cp further forward relative to Cg and requires more twist. More twist accentuates Magnus and eccentric mass related stability/accuracy issues. The way around these issues is to make bullets and barrels and chambers more perfectly. This is the progression we've seen over the last several decades. The ability to make bullets, barrels and chambers better. You get more perfect bullets with more perfectly centered starts with more perfect spin and more consistent muzzle release parameters that allows you to take advantage of more and more optimal drag shapes.

The problem isn't the shape, it's balancing the shape vs. stable, consistent response in the real world to oncoming air.

Now there are some other cool things that you can do to get away from the current "system". Fin stabilization and long rod projectiles but then there's a whole new problem of precision/dispersion. You can make the core or the bullet from ultra-dense materials but that gets cost prohibitive in a hurry. So you see those things, but usually only in DoD funded projects (M1 Abrams, Various "GAU" cannons, etc.). The performance is insane relative to what we play with but the cost to do it right is out of the realm of the commercial target market.
 
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Not sure if this link will work but Robert McCoy's, "Modern Exterior Ballistics" is the foundation for all of the math/physics that describes what's happening in this field. Even if you don't do calculus and differential equations there are charts and concepts discussed that are worth the read.