LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

Andrew Blubaugh

Gunny Sergeant
Full Member
Minuteman
Dec 4, 2003
543
31
Ohio
Sorry to disappoint but there are no secrets concerning the LEO Sniper and deadly force. Though BJ Bourg recently wrote in Tactical Response Magazine (Nov-Dec 2011) an article titled Mental Preparation For Counter Snipers. I took issue with several aspects of this article to include the title. The article discusses nothing about counter sniper operations.

The summary reads,

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">To perform their duties to the best of their abilities and maintain their mental health, snipers must become comfortable with the idea of having to kill a human being in the performance of their duties.</div></div>
Taking into consideration this article is written for the LE community I must question the authors perspective concerning the general mindset of law enforcement officers. Everyone working as a gun carrying law enforcement officer should have already adopted the mindset that he or she may have to kill someone during their career, to think otherwise is naive. Then we delve into the world of SWAT. The SWAT role is generally volunteered for, officers seek it out because they want to do it. Generally these officers have a basic understanding of the SWAT role and know going into the job that your chances of being put into a deadly force situation have now increased.

Now we examine the role of the LE Sniper... This is where the tactics, techniques and procedures vary from team to team but in the end the job description should read the same regardless of what team you work on. Observe, Report and Protect are the three basics. Observe, gather intel concerning the incident or mission. Report, relay pertinent intel to the appropriate personnel. Protect, cover immediate danger areas and eliminate threats.

So considering the job of both the law enforcement officer and law enforcement sniper you should have already handled the issue of mental preparation and deadly force. Pretty simple right? Back to the article,
<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Quote:</div><div class="ubbcode-body">Male snipers must come to terms with the possibility of having to take the life of a female.</div></div>
This statement infuriates me... A threat is a threat, 8 years old or 80 years old, male or female, black or white, blind, crippled or crazy. You deal with the threat accordingly. Furthermore, how does this topic suddenly become sniper specific. Anyone carrying a firearm for defensive or offensive purposes should have already come to terms with having to take a life regardless of sex, age, race. By no means am I implying that taking the life will now be an easy task but by this point it should have been thought about and talked about on more than one occasion.

The article continues with training issues such as using more realistic targets, manikin heads, shoot/no shoot targets. The author made some valid points though he makes it sound as though this is another sniper specific issue, which it is not. All use of force training should be done with all this and more taken into consideration. The article ends with a segment titled, "The Aftermath". The author continues to explain how the sniper must be prepared for their rifle being taken as evidence, being interview, placed on administrative leave, grand jury, law suits... Again, most or all of this will happen to any LEO involved in a shooting, not just snipers.

My rant is fueled by those wanting to make LE snipers out to be something completely different than anyone else in the LE community. Articles like this one just add to the myth of the sniper and in my experience give those in the upper echelon and those outside of the tactical community the wrong idea of what a sniper is or what a sniper should be.
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

You might be missing the point. The author may have been referring to killing a human in cold blood rather than in the immediate course of protecting your own life as in he role of a street cop. Different animal.
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

I can't speak for everyone in the LE community. But we train as marksmen to save lives -- specifically, the lives of civilians and other officers.

The rules of engagement for an LE marksman are no different from drawing our Glocks on an armed charging subject -- Ability, Opportunity and Jeopardy. Any shot must meet that standard. The difference is that we have a tool that can inflict deadly force from a greater distance. But let there be no question: we aren't there to preemptively shoot someone who *may* meet those standards at some future time. AOJ must be present for an LE to engage.

It is also the reason that there is no training to 'wound' or shoot guns out of hands, etc. Well-publicized incidents aside (including the Columbus, Oh. incident where an LE sniper shot a gun out of a subject's and), deadly force is deadly force, whether inflicted with a Mondanock strike to the head, a Glock or a .308. We don't fire a weapon with the intent of anything BUT deadly force. If it's justified, deadly force is used. If you 'shoot to wound', you have just proven that deadly force was not justified. Period.

In LE callouts, the tools of the LE marksman may be different, but the mission is the same -- save lives, protect people.

The article referenced above by CowboyBravo (and I admit I have not read it) seems to be implying that the LE marksman has to take on a similar mindset to a military sniper. But I disagree with that and I am with Cowboy that the LE mindset should already be there. The training is to employ a different tool and to use standoff distance. But the ROE don't change.

This may trigger an interesting debate, but I do subscribe to the idea that the military sniper has a significantly different discipline from the LE marksman, though we overlap in some respects (eyes-of-command, overwatch, etc). But the military sniper is tasked with decapitating leadership, attrition of enemy combatants, area denial, psychological impact, etc. They do not need an AOJ standard. If their chain-of-command identifies a target or a target group, they can engage.

The military sniper is are also tasked with doing this in an incredibly dangerous and adverse environment of the battlefield (vs. our generally-controlled scenes). And the training, selection, skills, etc. of the military sniper go well-beyond the training of many LE marksmen. The book Trigger Men describes the selection and training process for the military sniper very well and it's beyond rigorous. True, LE marksmen are carefully selected and are well-trained in schools, but having been through both selection and training, I can say that it's nowhere near what the military sniper goes through.

That said, I have met military snipers who look at their role the same way as an LE does -- saving lives. Whether on overwatch of a unit or whether it's because the combatants they take out today aren't 'around' to kill their buddies tomorrow. For them, it's about saving lives.

Last, I may disagree with Cowboy on the AAR phase of an LE marksman shoot. I think the standard of examination may be higher than that of a patrol officer who has used deadly force with a handgun. Not that both won't be carefully examined, but because the LE marksman's engagement is likely to have had more documentation, the training level of the officer is higher and, simply, because long rifle shoots by LE are less common, the LE marksman may have a more rigorous post-shoot examination. Not to mention lawsuits by next-of-kin of perp, etc.

Finally, and I have no evidence to back this up, but preconceptions and impressions based on the military sniper mission could easily be applied to the LE marksman in an after-shoot situation. You say the words "Police 'sniper'" and suddenly public, review boards, reporters, etc. assume that an offier simply unlimbered a scoped rifle and shot some perp in the medulla from a hide site and with no AOJ. Nothing could be further from the truth... but some don't let the facts get in the way of an opinion. And because of those prejudices or pre-conceptions, the LE marksman may face some significant examination after a shoot.

Just a few ramblings on what seems to be an interesting topic. Thanks Cowboy for posting. This is one worth following for sure.

Cheers,

Sirhr
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Sirhrmechanic</div><div class="ubbcode-body">
Ability, Opportunity and Jeopardy. Any shot must meet that standard. The difference is that we have a tool that can inflict deadly force from a greater distance.
</div></div>

I agree with your posts but would also add that another difference is that we may be called upon to apply deadly force in a situation in which we (personally) have not made the observations justifying it.

Aside from that I agree with your post and that of Cowboy Bravo.
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

I agree with Andrew. The criteria for the use of deadly force for the LE 'sniper' are the same as for any other officer. Calling something 'sniper specific' sells a glossy cover that trades on its appeal to ego, not TTP.
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: Phylodog</div><div class="ubbcode-body">may be called upon to apply deadly force in a situation in which we (personally) have not made the observations justifying it. </div></div>

This is an excellent point that I wish I had mentioned. The AOJ may be observed or documented by someone other than us. That said, it still must be present!

Thanks for pointing that out, Phylodog!

Cheers,

Sirhr
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

<div class="ubbcode-block"><div class="ubbcode-header">Originally Posted By: cowboy_bravo</div><div class="ubbcode-body">JC, Did you read the article? Because I did not catch a hint of the "cold blood" aspect. </div></div>

Think I still have that Tac Resp mag at work. I'll re-read it.
 
Re: LEO sniper deadly force secrets!

I just finished this article and I can't it was aweful.I was lucky to have the background of the military side of the house when I started in LE. I did get some great training in LE. FBI basic and Advanced schools had some use of force stuff did make a lot of sence. Some parts were things I'd argue over and some not so much. From the mental side I prety much had the "Just a Target" mindset.(Right or Wrong) That and the understanding that my job is based on duty and service. If a situation dictated that my happy ass was behind an optic I tend to think that someone trusted me enough to observe and report intel, make a shoot or no shoot call and had the ability to hit the target it it was called for. Some of the best training I was blessed with was reading, listing to and meeting LT. COL. DAVE GROSSMAN.On Killing, On Combat and the Bulletproof mind are great books. Alot of what he brought up hit home and I was glad for the experiance. BJ Bourg wrote this article based on his training and experiance and it seemed to be geared to admin types. I'm sure most of us would lean one way or another on any of his points based on what we do and the way we were trained and missions we were called to to.