Re: Need an AR-10 carbine upper
There is absolutely nothing wrong with: 1) Armalite pattern rifles/carbines/uppers; 2) 16" barreled .308/7.62x51 carbines; and 3) DI in general.
As for your questions, you are basically left with only Armalite and Noveske for "factory produced" AR-10 pattern uppers. You can always build which will give you all the options in the world in terms of specific barrels, twists, HGs, etc. Stripped upper receivers, parts, BCGs, CHs, barrels, etc. are all readily available for the Armalite pattern rifles. Before you decide the direction you want to go (i.e. - build or buy) it is probably a good idea to set a budget. Basic Armalite uppers can be had for around the $700 mark and go up from there...Noveske will run you quite a bit more, but the Noveskes I have run have been truly excellent in every respect. You can probably build exactly what you want for around the $1k mark give or take...depending on how "high end" you decide to go.
Now, as for the piston issue...there are currently NO manufacturers making piston conversions for the AR-10 platform (or any other .308 platform AR for that matter). Adams Arms, Osprey, and others are working on this, but nothing available yet. Frankly, unless you are planning on running the carbine suppressed the bulk of the time, there is no need for the piston operated rifle. Keep your new carbine properly maintained/lubed and fire away. It will serve you well!