Re: Weather data
Wind is the single biggest influence on the bullet and while it will effect the round across the entire flight path, there are many things unseen to the shooter that can adjust that effect one way or another.
the only scientific reading you can take without a remove device is at the shooter, unless you set up a series of aids along the path. As you said this would include max ord.
For the most part wind is invisible and you can't see the changes even with trees, grass, and objects in the area. Especially in field shooting where terrain has a huge effect on the direction and velocity which may be different across the flight path. There is no way to see these changes. Even mirage only gives you limited data.
If you watch the smoke in this video, while this is only seconds of the actual demonstration, the smoke moves in completely unpredictable ways that mirage, tress, and grass don't show. This movement along with the hills blocking the wind make 'Reading" wind to within 1 MPH very difficult. The wind was read at both the target and the shooter and still it does not give you the full story.
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On the 800 yards shots the wind read at the shooter and across at the target indicated the need for .7 Mils of wind, but the actual wind used to hit the target was .3 mils. Because the wind was being moved, channeled, and even blocked by the surrounding terrain. Terrain is a key element to wind reading.
There is no one answer, there is no one rule and what works on a square range with wind flags every 100 yards does not work in the field. Anything beyond the shooter is a guess, and while experience helps educate your guess, it is still a guess. You can measure it at the shooter, which influences the bullet and has the most time to work on it, or you can guess on everything else. Even with tools down range you would need real time data that would inputed into a ballistic calculator at the moment of the shot. It changes too fast to predict, especially once you go beyond 8 MPH the changes ebb and flow too much.