Re: 20" or 26" ar upper
I know I am not trying to suggest a 16" or 18" 308 can compete against a longer in something like F/TR or competitions of that nature. However in a field rifle there is no reason to carry longer or honestly go beyond 24" in a 308. It really doesn't make sense nowadays.
We just received a new load from Cor Bon that is going 2770fps out of my 22" Valkyrie, with a 175gr -- that is hauling. In the field most aren't going to shoot to 1000 yards and those that are, usually find themselves above sea level. So anything you loose in barrel length you gain in elevation.
The 308 was not designed to shoot a 1000 yards, we do it because we can, but really it is an 800m cartridge. In todays' world with things like the 178gr Superformance from Hornady, you have a 178gr bullet that will go 2800+ out of standard factory rifle. Bring that down to a 20" and you are still over 2600fps, which gets you anywhere you want to go.
Now competition is a different animal, these guys are generally pushing a 155gr to 2950fps which essentially turns it into a 260 or something to that effect. So you cannot compare what an F Class or F/TR shooter is doing versus a field shooter. But the key, they walk from the car to the line back to the car and can have a nice little wheeled cart with them to haul their stuff.
People like to know what others are doing, well Terry Cross managed a Top 10 at the Fall Shooter's Bash with an 18" 308... it can be done providing you know what you are doing. A short barrel 308 is not meant for new shooters, however you don't need to go 26" anymore either... 22" is optimal, 24" if you feel the need.
Bullet selection matters, a 168gr is not well suited for shooting far, a 175gr, 178gr or even 180VLD is much better suited for LR. If you plan on shooting past 600 yards regardless of the reason, consider the bullet, it matters, along with velocity. The key to best 1120fps at the target, 1200fps is even better.