That's why I seriously doubt what happened was simply because oh, Armalite in DPMS/KAC. GAP10s used to use Armalite and Seekins I believe. The JP low mass .308 BCG I briefly owned appeared to have an identical bolt to my Armalite. But I didn't mix and match parts in the BCGs. A long time ago I swapped BCGs between a Panther .308 and my AR-10. I know they both cycled fine empty but can't remember if I checked headspace. Either way, there was no way I was going to fire either in that configuration.
I have done a .308 and .260 using Armalite BCGs which have the benefit of the smaller firing pin diameter so no need for "high pressure" bolts and they have hundreds of rounds without a problem. After a long conversation with someone who used to sell Craddock built barrels, this is an old wives tale. If it wasn't you'd be specifying what barrel extension to buy or barrel to buy. I'd love to hear a conclusive answer on this.
I think barrels being sold as DPMS or Armalite specific has more to do with the fact that the gas system lengths may vary, mid-length certainly does. When I put a "DPMS" mid length Rock Creek on my AR-10, I had to buy a new gas tube as it is the same as an AR15 while Armalite has a proprietary tube length.
The ammo until kaboom was ejecting at 6 o'clock and landing 2 - 3 feet away, certainly doesn't sound over pressure. I wouldn't think you'd get a case mixed with pistol powder like the most famous AR15 kaboom I've seen from a company as large as Federal. But it's a possibility. There is some similarity in damage excluding this broke the barrel extension. This was commercial ammo from supplier that was previously making handgun ammo. The mixture was confirmed in rounds remaining that the shooter had. Disregard the speculation on these sites, posting just for the photos.
www.everydaynodaysoff.com
Thinking of combining rifle and pistol powder in a blended duplex load? Well think again. If you want to keep all your fingers, stick with factory powders and established loads at safe pressures. Here's what can happen with a duplex load composed of both rifle and pistol powders.
bulletin.accurateshooter.com
Misaligned or index pin problem. It would seem for that to happen the barrel wasn't torqued to the extension properly. At least this could be tested now. I was told previously the index pin isn't holding anything, not like it's countersunk into the barrel.
Since I've only ever been around bolt gun barrels being chambered I never understood how this is done. I would believe you simply thread the barrel and attach the extension, then cut the chamber while checking headspace with a bolt. I don't know what's involved about installing the index pin other than it should line up with the gas port.
Forgot who said it, but carrier broke unnoticed on 4th shot and lugs didn't lock for final. Hard to prove but why I'm hard on the seller. An 8620 carrier ought to last longer than the "100 rounds" it had on it. When it looks like the BCG was also missing parts, like the spring on the firing pin, it just looks like it wasn't really cared for to me. And maybe rode really hard. Might be a lesson here about new vs. used parts.
Ultimately it sucks for the OP but I'm just glad no serious injuries occurred. Don't hold the bottom of the mag is another lesson there.