Short action only makes sense if you load 85-90 gr. bullets. Long action is my suggestion. I own and shoot a .243(several), 6mm Rem, 6mmAI, and 6-284. Of all of them, I like the 6mm Rem the most. It's right on the edge of overbore. It will smoke barrels just like any of the above mentioned if you don't slow down with the load and the shooting. With a long barrel (27") I was just able to get 3200 fps with a 105. I've had better velocity from the AI and the 6-.284 but both have had the barrels set back more than once.
If I were going to go for an 'improved' cartridge with the goal of velocity, I would work on the 6x55 imp. (6.5x55 Swede necked to 6mm and then improved). This will keep the overbore situation (too much case in comparison to bore size) about right on the edge. I wouldn't neck it to 40 deg. though. I'd either leave it at 26 deg. or blow it forward to 30-32. This optimizes the flow/pressure situation. The long neck will also help save your throat. One step down from that would be the .243 Imp. You can go with an AI, but I still feel that the 40 deg. shoulder is too steep for that bore diameter. I would bump it to 30-32 to optimize flow/pressure ratio. Lapua makes excellent brass for both the parent cases.
A .243 and 6mm Rem won't burn barrels if you don't burn barrels. Go out and hit a prairie dog town with 250 shots in one day and you WILL go through a barrel. You simply HAVE to back off the shooting in anything bigger than a 6mm BR if you don't want to burn barrels. The new competition cases like the 6mmXC, 6x47 (Swiss case), 6mm CM and 6mm SLR are still going through a lot of barrels when used in heavy competition. Just not as fast as their predecessors.
That said, straightening out the case walls, as you probably know, help the cartridge grip the chamber better. The tapered cases like the Savage .250 and Mauser cases (6mm Rem) can't run as high of pressure because of that. You'll get too much bolt thrust (case pushing back against the bolt face). Again though, the way to beat that is slower powder which causes longer, lower pressure pushes on the bullet.