Re: Any Solidworks CAD guys here?
To go in to a little more detail, I will copy parts of a long email I wrote someone who was looking into getting started with 3D CAD and trying to find out a little bit about the software and what package to choose.
The way you "make" something in this software is that you start by making a sketch in space. This sketch is or is related to some cross-section of some bit of your part. You can then make a solid out of the sketch by extruding (basically stretching it perpendicular to the plane of the sketch) it, rotating it, lofting it (having the sketch follow a path in a variety of ways) or a few other methods. You can then do more sketches either somewhere in space or on surfaces you have already created in the model. These sketches can be used to add or remove material from your model using the same methods just described. You only do this for discrete "parts" - pieces that can't be taken apart into smaller parts.
The sketches are also quite different from AutoCAD drawings because in AutoCAD you have to place every line exactly where it is supposed to be and then the dimensions of everything arise from where the lines and curves are in the drawing. In modern 3D-native CAD packages you just rough out your sketch and then apply dimensions and constraints to the sketch until everything is the right shape and position. The constraints and dimensions can be related to other parts of the sketch, to space, or to other features of your part model.
Each CAD package uses its own proprietary file format so that it can store all of these sketches and different actions you went through to make the part. While this sounds like a nightmare for moving things back and forth, it is actually pretty easy because every CAD package can import and export a variety of file formats which store only the geometry of the parts themselves. Probably the two most common formats used for this are STEP and IGES. When I was working for the small company I mentioned and using Inventor, I worked constantly with a polyurethane manufacturing company that used SolidWorks and it was never a problem. We went back and forth quite a bit on part designs we needed them to make for us and I even designed a pretty complex mold for them.
When you want to make an "assembly," you open your new assembly file, insert all the parts models the assembly will contain, and then assemble them using "constraints," just as if you were putting together a physical assembly.
When you want drawings, you open a new drawing file and the software produces drawings for you from the part or assembly models. Typically you will have to do a little fiddling to get the important lines to show up in the drawing and the unimportant ones not to. Then you can add dimensions between different bits of the drawing. The dimensions come directly from the model geometry and will update if you change the part.
The whole system is vastly different from the older 2D drawing-based CAD systems like AutoCAD and it is vastly faster and easier to use.
If you want to "import" an actual physical object into the CAD system that is difficult to simply measure and draw there are a variety of ways to do this based on physical probes, lasers, cameras, and a bunch of other stuff. As far as I know none of these systems output directly into one of the proprietary CAD software file formats, they all output into more general geometry-only formats like STEP and IGES which can be read by any CAD package. The machines which do this range from pretty expensive to hugely expensive and have quirks in their operation that generally require some model cleanup after the scan. The physical probe systems have trouble connecting surfaces together which come to a sharp edge and the optical systems have problems with holes and complex surface features. Although the optical systems will rotate the part through a variety of angles, any surface which is always hidden from the pickup will of course not be rendered correctly. This can be done in house or there are plenty of firms which can be contracted to do it for you.
As far as finite element analysis goes, there are several options: you can get a license for the built-in analysis package provided by the CAD software company, a third-party package which integrates with your CAD package, or a third-party package which accepts files like STEP and IGES files which you must first create in your CAD package. Any of them will work fine although obviously the first two are a little less work. There also is relatively inexpensive software (some is even free) which requires you to define all the geometry within the package but these packages are slow and cumbersome to use.
The least option is an FEA package which will only model single parts and which will only do a linear elastic stress/strain analysis. This limits you to small strain/small deformation cases with materials that can reasonably be modeled with an elastic material model. This will work OK for most engineering materials under small loads. Plastics and biomaterials can be modeled this way but you lose some information. Generally with a linear elastic model and trying to model nonlinear, nonelastic materials you can get a reasonable approximation of the response to a rapidly applied and released load and a reasonable approximation to the steady-state response to a constant load (i.e., the configuration after enough time that everything has stopped moving) but you can't get the changing response over time to an applied load or a good result for a changing load. In some applications that doesn't matter, it depends on what you are doing. Last I checked most of these packages run in the neighborhood of $1-5k.
There are packages which can do nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity, viscoelasticity, etc., which can be in the $10-25k range.
There is some software now which combines solid modeling with computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, electromagnetics, etc., (this is called multiphysics usually). This can be very useful for modeling things like the opening and closing of valves because it lets you model what is happening with the fluid in the valve and how that puts loads on the interior of the valve. This type of software gets really expensive.
What I really would recommend is this. You don't buy this software directly from the software company, you buy it from "partners" or "service providers." You can search for them locally or you can generally get the CAD software company's website to list the ones that are local to you. If you call up the distributor and tell them you are interested in buying a seat of SolidWorks or Inventor or whichever package they distribute, they will be more than happy to demo the software for you. Many of them even offer one-day or half-day free introductory/training seminars on the CAD packages they supply to show you how the software works before you make a decision. If you already know that there is someone or some firm you are going to be working a lot with, or if you are hiring someone to do your CAD/FEA work, I would look first at the software they use. If not, check out Inventor, SolidWorks, and Solid Edge and see which one you like best.
Once you have made a decision, you will have to purchase one or more licenses for the software (generally referred to as "seats"). You can get a node-locked seat, which is usable on only one computer, or a network-licensed seat. The network seat allows multiple computers on a network to all use the software (but only one at a time, or as many at a time as you have licenses). As an example, the company I used to work for had eight or nine people who could reasonably be expected to need to use Inventor SOME TIME plus occasional use in a conference room but would usually only have 5 or 6 people at most needing it at any given time. We had six network-license seats, had the software installed on probably 15 computers in the office, and if you needed it, you opened it up on your machine. If all the licenses were in use, you'd ask someone who had it open but wasn't actively using it to save their work and close the software and then you could run it. That way we didn't have to keep swapping around what computers we were on.
You will also want to pay "maintenance" on your licenses (generally ~20% or so of the up-front license cost per year) which entitles you to patches and full version updates and technical support form the service provider. You should absolutely pay for "maintenance."
Once you have the software, your service provider will usually also offer training courses which range from one day to two weeks. These can be quite expensive (I have been to several 2-day training courses for obscure analysis packages which cost about $3000) but in my experience there is no faster way to quickly learn to use a CAD or analysis package quickly and efficiently, and to make use of the advanced features, shortcuts, and alternate methods available that are not immediately obvious. This is a much more expensive option than books, videos, or tutorial packages but I think it is worth it.