Someone asked for a pic of a water-cooled bolt rifle:
Joel Pendergraft Sets New IBS 1000-Yard Heavy Gun World Record « Daily Bulletin
Mr Pendergraft`s tension-barrel water-cooled setup is sweet IMO. Not exactly tacticool, but its a darn good shooting rifle with a darn good shooter pulling the trigger and loading the ammo.
HOWEVER, for what its worth, I dont think the barrel system on that rifle is the reason it shot so well. Theres something to be said for those BIB flat-base bullets though IMO when it comes to pure accuracy. That record has been broken, multiple times over, with conventional barrel setups. All manners of these types of unusual barrel systems have been tested in 1000yd BR, shroud with tension, shroud with compression, shroud with neither tension nor compression, etc and despite all the tuning they all shot roughly round shaped groups with the winners usually being in the 3-4" for 10 shots on good days. Experimentation is good as thats how this stuff advances, but so far you really wont find a setup thats more accurate for 1Kyd 10 shot group/score than just a plain ~1.450" diameter or even up to 1.750" diameter barrel mounted/glued into a barrel block.
I realize a new small-group 10 shot record was set with a Light Gun by Jim Richards with his 6 Dasher using most likely a HV contour barrel(probably around ~.950" at muzzle):
Best 10-Shot, 1000-Yard Group in History ? Be Amazed « Daily Bulletin
And no doubt the Dashers and 6x47L`s/6.5x47L Light Guns shoot amazing; just as good and sometimes better than the Heavy Guns if you will, when conditions are right. As we all know though conditions are rarely perfect. And in MOST cases, what you`ll see is that the Heavy Guns outshoot the Light Guns, provided equal skill among the trigger pullers. And those winning Heavy Guns will, a huge majority of the time, be setup very similarly to Mr Matt Kline`s former record-holding rifle(ie ~1.450" x ~30" barrel set in a barrel block chambered in .300 WSM or 6 Dasher):
Matt Kline Shoots 2.815? Record at 1000 Yards with 300 WSM « Daily Bulletin
And those are pretty much the calibers to beat: .300 WSM for the windy days, 6 Dasher or 6x47L for the calm ones IMO. The .284 and 6.5-284 are certainly capable as well. I also think it warrants experimenting for someone to take some .308 Win Lapua PALMA small primer brass and neck it down to .260 Improved or 6.5 SLR or something similar. Not sure why no one has done it yet(aside from the brass prep hassle) but IMO a .260 Improved or 6.5 SLR with a small primer/small flash hole brass should be just as accurate/low SD/low ES as the 6BR/Dasher/x47L but with much better ballistics. Not to mention you would see way longer brass life, or the ability to push higher pressure/velocity than regular .260/.308 brass.
Anyway, all that is off-topic. I agree with the above, if youre shooting a bull barrel, or something along the lines of a light palma/Remington Varmint contour or bigger then it should have no problem pulling off a consistent 20-shot string. Again this will depend on the quality of the barrel though. When it gets too hot to hold your hand on it or atleast uncomfortable, thats when Id let it cool just for the sake of throat life unless in competition. You`ll notice a lot of the top BR shooters go through barrels like mad men just to find that one "hummer" as they are most definitely not all created equal.
If your barrel truly is walking as it heats up though, there may be something you want to try. Ive never had it done, but the guy with the 10-shot Light Gun record group I posted above, Mr Jim Richards, he swears by cryo-freezing all his barrels and apparently thats exactly what that treatment does; prevents the barrel from walking as it gets hot and Ive read its supposed to make it easier to machine as well. Hes not the only one Ive heard recommend it either. Anyway, Mr Jim Richard`s scores and records speak for themselves and he really swears by the cryo-freezing as a huge reason for his success; as I said his success speaks for itself so Id be inclined to take his word for it especially considering how cheap it is to have it done, $12.50 I believe correct me if Im wrong.