Re: How many times can .308 brass be reloaded?
The name of the game for long brass life is when you resize it, that it moves the absolute minimum amount to allow it to go back in and bolt close easily.
There are several ways to achieve this and this is how I do it. I will be addressing 30.06 primarily with the dimensions but the same theory works for 308 etc.
But first off one needs to understand that all brass is not the same. Everyone pretty well knows some brass weighs more than other brass and as a rule of thumb military brass is the heaviest. What is not widely realized is the military brass is also much harder than commercial and thus tougher. Also on military brass it is made to conform to a specification. For 7.62 it conforms to the NATO STANAG or Standardization Agreement.
The NATO cases must be able to function in all NATO weapons and some are much worse on brass than others. Typically the weapon that gave the most problem was the French 52 MG which was a copy of the MG42 and extraction forces were so violent the rims were ripped off the cases. Thusly cases were fabricated in accordance with what was needed and there are five hardness ranges on a NATO case. With 1 being the softest and 5 the hardest, it goes like this. Case neck/shoulder 1, case body just below shoulder 2, case body in middle 3, case at the web area 5 and the rim is 4.
Commercial cases are not made for MGs thusly one cannot expect them to last like NATO cases.
There are some commercial cases that are really tough. Those known to be such are DWM and IMI. There are some that will work for maybe 3 rounds, some 6 and maybe 10 but most will never touch the life of military brass.
The life of commercial cases is also shortened by the jumbo chambers commercial rifles come with. For instance a new 30.06 case measures .465" and 30.06 chambers run .over .471 and I have seen fired cases measure .475". You are at the mercy of some jerk doing the chambering who doesn't care or know.
Why big chambers? Well reamers are expensive so they start life at maximum dimension and then re-sharpened until they cut chambers in the .471 range and discarded. It is a matter of money, the more they save the more they make and you already bought the rifle so...............
If you want long brass life you can approach it from two directions, first of which is have multiple sets of dies as dies are cut like chambers and some are looser some are tighter. For 30.06 I have FL dies that size to .465, .466, .468 and .470. The last one I polished out to size this dimension for the big chambers. No I didn't order four new sets of dies. I just find them here and there at flea markets, gun shows etc for as little as five bucks. For instance yesterday I went to a flea market and a guy had a set of what appear to be new 6.5X55 RCBS dies and he was asking ten bucks. He also had a 19 round box of 300 Win Mag 150 Winchester ammo he wanted fifteen bucks for. I offered him twenty and he took it. I already have a set of these dies but they don't eat anything so I got them and while I did not need the 300 Win Mag ammo I have a nice match reamer for 300 Win mag so this ammo will be added to the rest.
Next approach is to rebarrel your rifles with your own personal reamer cut to min dimensions so you get the same thing every time. On my personal reamers I use the 2222 rule. Which is reamer cuts chamber .002" larger than new factory round at the base and the shoulder and the neck. The headspace I try to maintain at min so the shoulder doesn't go forward on firing over .002" and generally .001 if possible. Some come out at zero movement.
I have a 30.06 reamer that cuts a .467 base dimension. LC MATCH Fired in this chamber is remarkable. I have one case I have loaded 157 times and still waiting for more. On 308 I have no problem getting 100 reloads but I care for my brass.
Care of brass: They are decapped and FL sized (WITHOUT AN EXPANDER BALL) and tumbled in stainless media. Next the neck is expanded to my desired dimension with a custom expander ball so I can control exactly how much neck tension I get. Rapid fire cases give about .002 grip and others about .0003" grip on the bullet. It all depends on the feed system and whether the cases will be single loaded or into a mag well.
I neck turn cases to take off the high spots on the above reamer. Note: Anyone that has turned case necks finds out quickly that the necks are not the same thickness all the way around and if the cutter is advanced slowly the neck will show bright spots as the high spots are taken off first. Then small adjustments will take off more. I set my neck trimmer so I will clean up about half the case necks.
Think about it this way, the factory chamber is two sizes above JUMBO because of all the variations in all the brass made. The ammo has to be smaller than the smallest chamber made so this gives you about a .010” range between min brass dimension and max neck dimension. Now you chamber this loose as a goose case in a chamber with a headspace range which can also be as much as .010” over a min case and it is kind of like putting a 20 gal drum inside a 55 gal drum insofar as fit. Obviously there is no way a bullet is going to be presented to the throat anywhere near straight which is guaranteed to increase group size.
I have other reamers with very tight necks. I turn the case neck so that loaded round neck is .001" smaller than the neck. This is restricted to those rifles I know will never see a round of factory spec ammo. For instance on my 308 reamer I had it cut to give a .336 neck dimension and loaded rounds are neck turned to give .335".
7.62 LC Match brass ( has thicker necks than commercial) and will just go in a .339 neck (as loaded) but not come anywhere close to going in the smaller .336 neck. Winchester cases fired in this chamber are cleaned up very lightly and go right in. So it is a trade off. These rifles either go through life as course guns or long range guns but in the event I want to shoot Winchester in the .339 neck I am not nearly at the mercy of a factory chamber which will measure .344/.345”.
Bottom line is I have some 30.06 brass(about 500 pieces) I have been using since 1982 that has been run through two different barrels with no sign of insipient separation. 80 of which are reserved for 600 yard only. Both chambers were cut with same reamer and this particular one is .469 base and cases are sized with the .468 FL die and close easily. The neck is .339" which will take care of all MATCH ammo as loaded. I suspect these cases have at least forty loadings and now all have been stainless steel cleaned, neck/shoulders stress relieved and are awaiting expander button prior to loading.
Oh yes there are a couple US military lots that will not give long life in 30.06. One is FA57 MATCH which had soft heads like commercial brass. This was corrected quickly and FA58 on till FA closed is fine brass. Then about 1985 time frame the DCM was selling unprimed brass made by LC. It had soft heads. I suspect that LC knew they had a run of out of spec cases and "donated" them to DCM for sale at Perry.
You can increase your brass life tremendously but you have to plan ahead to do so. With the cost of brass these days it is cost effective to get a custom reamer so you know where you are at all times.
I figure the reamer is paid for in the brass savings at about the tenth reload and you know where you are all the time.
Then again if you never plan on having a rifle rebarreled you are destined to spend lots of bucks and not achieving the full potential of your rifle.
There is one thing you can depend on. The boys that make them operate on the principle is if you bought it, that is all they need to worry about and they are looking for the next guy as they know the average guy is never going to even think beyond shooting factory ammo in their rifles so they go for the mass market with a cheaper rifle.
I try and guide guys from early on into this thinking and some folks get it right off and some never get it. If you want to achieve your full potential in shooting especially long range you need to be looking at the finer details. You can bet the benchrest boys do and this is why they shoot the small groups at long range.