OP, if you are truly brand-new to reloading and you're confused by the variety of responses above, that's good, because some of the responses are valid and at least one is total bullshit.
How far into this bottomless pit do you want to fall? If all you're going to do is expend 500-1000 total rounds annually to bang steel out to 1000 yards (precision) or blast big silhouettes up close, you're probably just as well off to stay with factory ammo. Higher volume competitive shooting makes reloading a better investment, but the initial outlay for equipment is steep. Dillon Precision has a
breakeven and
cost-per-round calculators on their web site, but you have to answer all the questions posed to you so far before they're of any use.
If you want to produce top-shelf precision ammunition, it's the brass prep and measurement bit that matter, not the press.
Presses first. If budget is no object, I would recommend a Dillon RL-550 progressive. Don't be put off a progressive press because you're new to reloading - you can run rounds one at a time through a progressive, just like a single-stage. With a single-stage press- hard-to-beat classic is the RCBS Rock Chucker - you'll move every single piece of brass on/off that press a minimum of three times (resize/deprime/prime, charge with powder, seat bullet). Wanna run a neck mandrel instead of using the resize die's expander ball (many precision handloaders do, but not all)? Add another die and another step. Once you learn to use it, you can produce one loaded round with every actuation of the handle.
The RL-550 is at the bottom of Dillon's standard-dies offerings and makes single-stage, hybrid, and true progressive use easy. I've been using mine since the 1990s.
Anyone who says you can't load "precision" ammo on a quality progressive press is full of crap and has almost certainly never tried. I'll concede that bench rest ammo may benefit from arbor presses and such, but for PRS, good brass will help you load excellent ammo.
Dies: You can spend under $100 or over $300 for dies, but I suggest RCBS Match Master dies with neck-bushing resizer for precision. For blaster ammo... who cares. Hornady is cheap and works great. I like Dillon dies for bulk .223.
Brass: For precision, Lapua, Peterson, Alpha are the top-shelf brands that come to mind. Buy a few hundred pieces at a time to get the same lot. Lesser brands like Hornady can yield satisfactory results but not as consistently, and it won't last as long. Starline is a middle ground. After four years of loading the best rifle ammo I can, I have learned to buy one of the three top-shelf brands mentioned above.
Bullets: For bulk blaster ammo, all you need is the cheapest FMJ bullets you can find. For precision, it depends on how anal you want to get. Berger is widely viewed as the best available, and Hornady is the "poor's" alternative. Yes, my experience is that Berger match bullets have been a bit more accurate in my 6.5CM at extended distance (>500 yards). But Berger 140gr Hybrid Target bullets are also about 20% more expensive than 140gr Hornady ELD-Ms, so the only time I use my remaining stash of Berger Hybrid Targets - they're dang hard to find - is for matches. The other 90% of the time I use ELD-Ms and have no trouble whatsoever hitting half-IPSCs at 1000 yards with them, and I've hit as far out as one mile.
Measuring & ancillary equipment:
- Buy the best scale you can afford (A&D FX120i is highly favored here). But a decent beam scale and set of check weights will also work fine, it's just slower. RCBS and Hornady digital scales fall in between. Inexpensive digital scales tend to drift and require frequent recalibration. I've recalibrated my FX-120i once in 2022 - just this past week, I decided to go through the exercise, and basically it adjusted .02 grains (less than a kernel of H4350) - which falls in its stated tolerance envelope.
- Buy a good caliper. Not a $20 plastic big-box throw-away. Expect to spend over $100 for a Mitutoyo digital or Brown&Sharpe dial. Trust me, you will use it more than every other item used in the process.
- Something to trim the brass. I use a Giraud Tri-trimmer for my .223 brass and an ancient Forster trimmer (turned via hand drill) with 3-in-1 case mouth trimmers for everything else. Don't ignore this. Bottleneck brass grows in length with each firing, and if it grows past the chamber leade, pressure problems like pierced primers are the least of your concerns.
- Something to clean the brass. I use a '70s-vintage Lyman vibratory tumbler with dry media pretreated with some polishing compound, refreshed occasionally with Lyman Case-Brite or whatever it is. Other people use wet-tumbling or even stainless-steel pins to clean. Each approach has pros and cons, adherents and critics.
- Annealer. If you want your expensive brass to provide optimal life and consistency, it needs to be annealed. I'm not getting into that here because it's quicksand. Suffice to say, the easiest way by far is an AMP (Annealing Made Perfect) annealer - for $1600 shipped, plus a pilot for each caliber.
- These are what I consider to be the minimums.
The preceding is what I consider a minimum "buy once cry once" list. You can certainly get by with cheaper bits.