Re: What's the deal with bad primers
Dr. Phil is right on the money. Primer storage is CRITICAL to ignition reliability. Primers and humidity do not go together.
The allowable misfire rate in the primer industry is one in a million and that is a high number.
There have been incidences where oil got in primer mix at factory. Several LC lots were destroyed because of this.
The other thing that causes misfires is insufficient striker energy or velocity. The only ways to check this are with copper holders designed for such. It is expensive to buy the holders and the coppers and the inspection gage but in the long run it pays for itself. Luckily I am set up for 5.56, 7.62 and 30.06 to check striker energy.
The other requires disassembly of the bolt and removing the striker spring and measuring the free length against a new spring. If spring has become shorter it has lost available energy.
If you have a new rifle you can pull bolt down, measure and record the free length of the striker and periodically pull it down and remeasure. Spring engineers will tell you a properly made spring will never take a set. Only way to know if one is properly made is to compress it/use it and check occasionally for the set condition.
Make sure the striker itself is clean and there is no crud in the striker tunnel to slow it down.
I have seen another wierd thing. A round is fired and the primer blanks (cuts a nice round little hole out where striker hit) and it goes back into striker opening and thus binds the striker from full pass through. This is hard to diagnose. I had it happen to me once and have seen it happen to others a couple more times.
On one bolt gun I pulled down the striker spring was broken in two places ! ! !
Normally striker protrusion on 30 cal is min .040" and max of .060". In other words min protrusion coupled with max headspace and marginal striker energy do not play well together.
Next thing that tends to produce misfires is off center striker hits. Add this to the above mix and things get iffy real fast. Don't forget crud in striker tunnel.
Frankford Arsenal did a several million round study on ignition reliability back in late 50s?. The result was a .020" offset of the actual indent measured from the exact center of the striker nose to the center of the primer which had no effect on ignition reliability. Once it goes past .020" offset misfires went up. You can't look at a indent crater to determine this. It takes a measuring microscope to identify the dead center of the striker indent. I was lucky and found one on ebay.
Last I heard the industry standard is .030" offset or half the diameter of the striker so when I look at a used rifle first thing I do is pull bolt and look for striker indent centrality. If it is way out it depends on what it is. Some rifles this can be "corrected" on, others you are screwed.
A number of long range shooters change out striker springs at beginning of every season because a marginal energy striker is known to give marginal ignition. It generally shows up as vertical stringing at long range and may present itself as reverse primer flow when the primer material is trying to go into the striker opening on the bolt face.
I had this problem on a Rem 7615. I checked striker energy and got I think it was .015 indent on copper. NOTE THE INDENT ON A FIRED PRIMER IS ABSOLUTELY USELESS FOR DETERMINING STRIKER ENERGY. On the M16 the spec calls for .022" indent on copper.
When I sent the rifle back I told them it was showing indications of reverse flow and they did not fix it. Thusly I got hold of Wolf springs, got new striker spring, changed it out and the problem immediatley went away. There were also other problems with 7615 I had to "fix".
If anyone wants to see the details on this whole series check out
http://www.eotacforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=107&t=50302