As it stands, my post is a longitudinal case study with lots of insights and intervention injected at common beginner points of confusion by more expert shooters. If you formatted it differently, this post could sound like the questions you're used to hearing from good interviewers gleaning hard-earned fuzzy and niche wisdom. That's a part of my doctoral work.
One question is "at a certain point, when does it make sense to invest more in your optic, versus your rifle or training, as you develop as a shooter?"
Another question is "is there an inflection point of value for dollar in this category of optics? Is it one that can be realized at most skill levels?"
And, "When guiding new shooters, I understand you have an uphill fight against marketers who convince novices to overvalue certain features over others and who use a good customer service reputation as a smokescreen for lower quality. If you could cut through that, what would you tell new shooters to focus on?"
Finally, "what would you say to a new shooter who wants to be at your level one day that is working with a limited budget?"
Just from the latest posts I would imagine an answer could be, "In a lot of crafts, it is not the tool but the craftsman. Sadly in this case, while a great shooter may be able to make a junk setup work some of the time, a new shooter will not likely make themselves a great shooter learning on a junk setup. I would advise people be in for a penny, in for a pound, and to realize having a certain feature set at a certain price segment can often be a mirage of the market. Manufacturers (and often reviewers) benefit from making you believe you can have something at a certain price point, and it can be hard to learn otherwise when millions of dollars are traded on this falsehood.
If you are limited in funds, go for a simpler category instead of cheaper in the same category. Under a certain limit, go for a proven bolt-action over a gas gun. Go for a fixed-power scope under $400, and give up on ideal illumination under $1000.
When it comes to firearms, sometimes upgrading is not a linear value trade for performance, no matter how much modularity is used as a selling point for your particular platform. Don't succumb to the sunk-cost fallacy. 'Buy once cry once' sounds elitist and turns people with fewer means off. But in my opinion, it is more cruel to people with fewer means to make them believe something is possible, take their money, and make them learn the hard way it is not. If you can't buy once, it's okay to sell your old and move up, versus being married to a rifle of Theseus.
Up to a $1500 budget between rifle and optic, I would say favor the optic over the rifle. You can grow into it, it is transferable, and upgrading optics more frequently is a bigger pain than moving up in rifles.
Think of your optic as your user interface, and the rifle as the hardware. For a parallel, it is easier to take advantage of the improved hardware right away when transitioning from a Samsung S9 to a Samsung S21, than the same to an iPhone 13.
Optics are how you use your main sense of information gathering, and it feels much more like a handicap to a new shooter to work a shot they are straining to see on target with a beautiful rifle, than it is to be able to watch and understand a rifle and it's shortcomings through a clear scope.
On paper, it is hard to evaluate the qualitative difference in slightly better glass. But get behind them, and the part of your brain evolved to be a visual hunter will tell you whether you are selling it short.
So forget the bells and whistles: the illumination, the tree reticles, heck even the zero-stops. Get humble and think like a guide outfitting a loaner rifle if you are on a limited budget. Terry Pratchett's Grimes' theory of boots ("I am too poor to afford cheap boots") applies to scopes. A renowned scope warranty won't help you on the side of a mountain to recoup the time and costs that got you there.
Over $1500 in the platform, and I would say tough it out with your scope limitations, say goodbye to your first-love rifle, and commit to learning what makes your next one better through the same scope.
If you are shooting in low light, or very long distances, upgrade the scope soon after. Otherwise, a good way to keep your priorities straight is to upgrade the glass when you reach the point that you are feeling eye strain due to long range sessions!"
That is my congealing and regurgitation of what I have learned here so far. If it passes your sniff test even a little bit, know that the wisdom came much cheaper and faster through asking questions that are annoying *because* they are not straight questions that can be googled, and through interpolation from there. But probably a lot of it is still wrong. Feel free to school me and correct me further, I'm into it and that's what I'm here for