I have had very good experience with the M70 Featherweight .30-'06.
With proper handloads it can shoot very consistently for me. Mine was bought used in the mid-1990's already wearing an unidentifiable Bell and Carson camo synthetic stock. In my hands, and now my Son-in-Law's hands, it has harvested a great batch of whitetails, and also took 4th in the 1997 NJ State Sniper Championships with FGMM 168's and a Harris Bipod.. It has also won each and every local club 'deer rifle' match it''s been entered into. All I can figure is that it's got one of these especially good factory barrels. I handload Rem or Win brass with WLR's and 48.1gr of IMR-4064 capped with either the 168SMK, or 165SGK, delivering right about 1MOA at 200yd, and this load is also safe for the Garand.
I own a Mossberg MVP Predator .223. I like it a ton. I have seen Mossberg patriots out of the stock, and kinda like the way they're put together, a lot. With Federal 62gr Fusion MSR's, my MVP is a hunter/tack driver, and the load has some serious terminal performance, probably the best combination of accuracy and terminal performance I've ever seen from a .223. Recognizing the .223's limitations, I'd consider my MVP as a viable implement for harvesting Whitetails out to 150yd, and maybe to 200 under very favorable conditions. As long as good shot placement can be assured, it's an able deer harvester.
With reasonably light bullets, the .30-'06 is not going to hammer you significantly worse than the .308, and with a significantly energetic medium weight bonded bullet, the .223 can work quite well within reasonably ethical distances.
Also, don't forget the .260 or 6.5CM. I had the
Savage 10 Predator Hunter Max 1 .260 and it's very much the versatile rifle you are looking for. When I moved South to AZ, I gave it to my Daughter for Whitetails in Upstate NY. I would even consider it a very suitable entry level rifle for PRC. It works especially well with Hornady American Hunter.
Greg