The answer to your question depends less on the math and more on the the capability of the system. The math is easy. The system of course includes the human behind the rifle. That is the only important thing. If your zero is not spot, or you lie to yourself about your dispersion at 100 yards then the easy math that follows will be wrong.
If the wind is a known number and you have tested and know the capability of your system and you have a few drop numbers in your memory then the rest is easy.
I have tested my system always starting with a cold bore shot, separated from groups so I know what my capability are for those. I also have memorized some drop numbers. It all starts at 100 yards.
I use a Vortex Razor - FFP, Mils, with a great ranging reticle. The first number to remember is that at 100 yards. There are 3/10 mils in an inch (1.08-inch actually). If the target is a KNOWN 24 inches wide then that equals 24 times 3 so I call that 7.5 mils (rounding in the .08) at 100 yards. The rest is easy. Test, test, test the system - A LOT! I always have a red grid on my targets.
With my 6mm ARC bolt gun I can easily hit that target in that wind @ 650 yards every time and every where else closer than that.
Now my cold bore shots:
The most important shot - Cold bore at 100 yards:
That leads to this cold bore at 630 yards - no wind:
Then a 5-shot Group at 630 yards in 3-5MPH wind with no correction (a wind test). Each red square = 1/10 mil at 600 yards.
And last, a 5-shot group dispersion at 300 yards - 6-inch target. Wind 3-7 - corrected to 5mph.