As for statistics I spent part of my career as a test engineer and I always hated statistics and when using it was forced to follow Test Codes so most of the times it was cookbook. The shooting world has gone from one extreme to another with regards to testing and statistical significance. We used to work with three or five shots but now we say that that number is worthless and we should have 20, thirty, or more. The reality is three or five may be all that is needed based on what is being looked at and with the understanding of the limitations of small sample sizes and how larger sample sizes would affect the results of the small sample size tested.
With todays equipment and components, I think many of us make good ammo not because of our process and "tests", but despite of it.
3-5 rounds for testing variables certainly "works" for what we are doing. Not because those are sample sizes statistically relevant to make the deductions we do, but rather because some of the variables we try to control and test just don't matter as much as we think they do.
1 5-round group isn't going to give enough information to conclude how one variable change affects the outcome, but a lot of times we prescribe too much influence on that variable we are trying to test anyways.