I thought ARC had standardized on .136.
I always wished that all Grendel family cartridges had just went with .125 for the increased bolt lug support, but no one asked me..
Not enough extractor lip thickness when you go .125”, which is why the deeper bolt face is a thing.
Colt did the engineering on all this in the 1980s for the funded 7.62x39 project. That became the basis for the .50 Beowulf and later 6.5 Grendel bolts.
They found that a .125” normal face depth didn’t allow a thick enough extractor lip for the x39 case rim
depth and width, if they were going to keep the existing bolt lug placement and extension tooth geometry. You
can have .125” face depth with Large Frame AR-10s because the extractor is so much wider, which provides plenty of material to support the lip (
although my DPMS LR-308 folded the lip back within the first box of ammo). Metallurgy really matters on forming extractors no matter the cartridge or dimensions.
By adding larger radii to the face-to-inner wall angles, and to the rear of the lug-bolt shaft junctions, you can re-gain the strength lost from the deeper face. Combine that with certain aerospace-grade alloys in the 9000 series and you have great bolt durability. The new Colt 7.62x39s have a circumferential trench around the bolt face, which is another approach that I hadn’t seen before.
If you look at guys who shoot a lot of 7.62x39, they tend to go through extractors like nobody’s business, even with the LMT enhanced bolt with lobster tail. It still used a .125” face when it should have gone .136”, with corresponding barrels chambered for that to headspace correctly.