The NVG amplifies light (both visible and IR) and presents it to your eye/s as a monochromatic image. When there is no ambient light, you'd need supplemental IR illumination (IR illuminator), otherwise without it, the night vision device will see nothing but darkness. You basically use IR illumination the same way you would use a visible spectrum flashlight, with the benefit of not producing a large visible light signature to anyone that doesn't have night vision. The IR illuminator/NVG combo does not replace a visible spectrum flashlight.
Example of having ambient light (visible and IR) but still seeing darkness is something like heavily forested or jungle areas where the vegetation blocks/filters much of the ambient light (visible and IR) and creates a lot of shadows. This is a scenario where supplemental IR illumination would help you see into the shadows.
Example 2 - You're inside a building, tunnel, cave, etc. where there is nothing inside that produces ambient light and there is no ambient light entering through cracks, gaps, windows, etc., again you would need supplemental IR lighting in conjunction with your night vision device (assuming you don't want to switch to visible light).
The IR laser is your aiming pointer should you choose to use one. Look at target, superimpose the laser onto the target. The current trend is what is called "passive aiming" which is basically aiming by looking through the red dot with a head/helmet mounted night vision device. With practice/repetition, it's essentially no different to you raising the firearm up and bringing the red dot optic to your eyeball without night vision. The image is only mildly different (no need to get too in depth on this part) but as you focus on the target and raise the weapon up in alignment with the night vision device (the night vision being aligned to your eyeball), the dot will appear in your field of view.
There are pros and cons to active (projecting a laser) vs passive aiming.