In theory, yes. In practice, no. When barrels are profiled, one can be a bees-dick thicker or thinner on diameter. One chamber will be a hair deeper or shallower than the next, the rifling will be slightly different shape between each. The purity of coolant while cutting may introduce particles, etc. Everything "adds up". Many people can't tell the difference, but top end bench / fclass / PRS shooters will. Also be aware you would have to shoot your barrels equally so they all wear at the same rate, and clean at the same interval.
What would happen if you shoot one in winter, and one in summer. It's down to load consistency, how hot / cool the barrel is, etc.
Short version: too many variables to control unless you machine them in a NASA grade lab and shoot in temperature controlled indoor tunnels.